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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Sciaenops: Greek, skiaina, skion = a fish, red mullet + Greek, ops = appearance (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 10 - ? m (Ref. 9988). Subtropical; 15°C - 26°C (Ref. 127841); 43°N - 0°S
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts in USA to northern Mexico, including southern Florida, USA.
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm 82.7, range 55 - 80.3 cm
Max length : 155 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3702); common length : 100.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3702); publicerad maxvikt: 45.0 kg (Ref. 9988); rapporterad maxålder: 50 år (Ref. 32563)
Occurs usually over sand and sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters and estuaries. Abundant in surf zone. Feeds mainly on crustaceans, mollusks and fishes. Utilized fresh and frozen; can be pan-fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Human uses
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; Vattenbruk: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
Verktyg
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.5 - 27.3, mean 24.2 °C (based on 180 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00523 - 0.01324), b=3.07 (2.94 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.6 (2.4 - 3.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 16
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.27; tmax=7; Fec~1 million).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 45.3 [25.8, 87.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.905 [0.462, 1.579] mg/100g; Protein = 21.4 [18.9, 23.7] %; Omega3 = 0.262 [0.127, 0.506] g/100g; Selenium = 38.8 [20.5, 79.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.2 [1.5, 14.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.566 [0.398, 0.828] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
