分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ginsburg.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的. 亞熱帶的; 30°N - 18°N, 98°W - 80°W
Western Atlantic: Florida, USA and Gulf of Mexico to Bay of Campeche, Mexico.
西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達與墨西哥灣到坎佩切灣，墨西哥。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 14.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 63.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大体重: 2.8 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 5 年 (Ref. 58079)
背棘 (总数) : 9 - 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 25 - 29; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 12. Colour uniform silvery grey above, without conspicuous spots, silvery below. Pelvic and anal fins pale to yellowish. A faint dark area at bases and axial of pectoral fins. Inside opercle darkish, often visible externally. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw slightly projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Lower jaw with a row of widely spaced larger inner-row teeth, gradually increasing in size posteriorly. Chin without barbel or pore, snout with 2 marginal pores. Gas bladder with a pair of horn-like anterior appendages. Soft portion of dorsal fin with few small scales rows at base between soft fin rays (Ref 51721).
颜色均匀的银灰色的上方, 没有显著的斑点, 下面银色的。 腹鳍与臀鳍灰白的到淡黄色的。 在基底的一个模糊的深色区域与轴的胸鳍。 在鳃盖里微暗的, 时常看得见的外部地。 嘴大的, 斜的, 下颌些微突出。 在顶端上颌有一对大的像犬齿一样的齿。 下颌有一列空隙大的比较大的内部-列齿,逐渐地在后部地在大小方面增加。 没有触须或者孔的下巴,吻部有 2个边缘的孔。 气鳔有一对像触角一样的前肢。 背鳍有的柔软部位在软的鳍条 (参考文献 51721) 之间的基底少数小鳞片列.
Occurs usually over sandy bottoms in shallow coastal waters, being relatively abundant in the surf zone. During summer months the fish move to their nursery and feeding grounds in river estuaries.
在沿岸浅水区中通常生活在砂质底部之上, 相当很丰富在海浪区中。 鱼在河口中移动到他们的育幼与觅食场在夏天数个月期间。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達與墨西哥灣到坎佩切灣，墨西哥。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 27.1, mean 24.8 °C (based on 190 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00605 - 0.01506), b=3.03 (2.90 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 65.5 [35.9, 126.6] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.53, 1.76] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.6, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.372 [0.217, 0.586] g/100g; Selenium = 26.9 [14.2, 52.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16 [5, 55] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.64 [0.46, 0.93] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
