分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ginsburg.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的. 亞熱帶的; 30°N - 18°N, 98°W - 80°W
Western Atlantic: Florida, USA and Gulf of Mexico to Bay of Campeche, Mexico.
西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達與墨西哥灣到坎佩切灣，墨西哥。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 14.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 63.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大體重: 2.8 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 58079)
背棘 (總數) : 9 - 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 25 - 29; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 12. Colour uniform silvery grey above, without conspicuous spots, silvery below. Pelvic and anal fins pale to yellowish. A faint dark area at bases and axial of pectoral fins. Inside opercle darkish, often visible externally. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw slightly projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Lower jaw with a row of widely spaced larger inner-row teeth, gradually increasing in size posteriorly. Chin without barbel or pore, snout with 2 marginal pores. Gas bladder with a pair of horn-like anterior appendages. Soft portion of dorsal fin with few small scales rows at base between soft fin rays (Ref 51721).
顏色均勻的銀灰色的上方, 沒有顯著的斑點, 下面銀色的。 腹鰭與臀鰭灰白的到淡黃色的。 在基底的一個模糊的黑區域與軸的胸鰭。 在鰓蓋裡微暗的, 時常看得見的外部地。 嘴大的, 斜的, 下頜些微突出。 在頂端上頜有一對大的像犬齒一樣的齒。 下頜有一列空隙大的比較大的內部-列齒,逐漸地在後部地在大小方面增加。 沒有觸鬚或者孔的下巴,吻部有 2個邊緣的孔。 氣鰾有一對像觸角一樣的前肢。 背鰭有的柔軟部位在軟的鰭條 (參考文獻 51721) 之間的基底少數小鱗片列.
Occurs usually over sandy bottoms in shallow coastal waters, being relatively abundant in the surf zone. During summer months the fish move to their nursery and feeding grounds in river estuaries.
在沿岸淺水區中通常生活在砂質底部之上, 相當很豐富在海浪區中。 魚在河口中移動到他們的育幼與覓食場在夏天數個月期間。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達與墨西哥灣到坎佩切灣，墨西哥。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 February 2020
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 27.1, mean 24.8 °C (based on 190 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00605 - 0.01506), b=3.03 (2.90 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 65.5 [35.9, 126.6] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.53, 1.76] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.6, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.372 [0.217, 0.586] g/100g; Selenium = 26.9 [14.2, 52.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16 [5, 55] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.64 [0.46, 0.93] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
