Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; benthopelagic. Temperate; 41°N - 36°N
North America: Sacramento-San Joaquin, Pajaro and Salinas River drainages in California, USA. Widely introduced elsewhere in western USA.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 73.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5723); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 12193); max. published weight: 1.4 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 9 years (Ref. 72491)
Adults occur in vegetated sloughs, pools of sluggish rivers and lakes; now most common in ponds and impoundments (Ref. 5723).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Male guarding lasts from 0-3 days (Ref. 93240).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Gamefish: yes
Tools
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00742 - 0.02135), b=3.05 (2.90 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tmax=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).