Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 50 - 110 m (Ref. 126482). Tropical; 10°C - 28°C (Ref. 126482)
Northwest Pacific: Hokkaido, Japan to the Ryukyu Islands. Also known from the East and South China seas.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 25.9, range 21 - ? cm
Max length : 37.4 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 123681); common length : 17.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 56557)
Commercially cultured in Japan. Juveniles associate with drifting seaweed. Plankton feeder (Ref. 12114, 12115).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: bycatch
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.5 - 24.9, mean 20.5 °C (based on 135 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00864 - 0.02105), b=2.96 (2.83 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.9 [14.5, 81.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.639 [0.311, 1.592] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.118 [0.054, 0.252] g/100g; Selenium = 47.4 [21.5, 110.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 83.6 [21.9, 311.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.944 [0.597, 1.516] mg/100g (wet weight);