Teleostei (teleosts) >
Lophiiformes (Anglerfishes) >
Linophrynidae (Leftvents)
Etymology: Linophryne: Greek, 'linon' = flax or anything made of flax such as "cord," "rope," or a "net" + Greek, 'phryne' = "toad" (refers to a toadlike fish that fishes with a net) (Ref. 86949).
Eponymy: The fallen angel Lucifer, of the Judeo-Christian tradition, is referred to in the fourteenth chapter of the Biblical book of Isaiah: ‘How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! How art thou cut down to the ground, which didst we [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; bathypelagic; depth range 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 5951), usually 300 - 600 m (Ref. 86949). Deep-water
North Atlantic, from off Iceland, and East and West Greenland; extending farther south from off Newfoundland to Madeira.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 2.9 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 86949); 27.5 cm SL (female)
Short description
Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal soft rays (total): 3; Anal soft rays: 2 - 3. Metamorphosed females distinguished by the following characteristics: escal bulb with conical distal prolongation bearing short, stout filaments; posterior escal appendage small and conical; absence of additional escal appendages; barbel with single stem, divided distally into a pair of compressed pointed branches, each bearing a series of photophores on one edge and with a pair of short, simple lateral branches on distal half of stem, each with few photophores at distal tip; parasitic males with pointed sphenotic spines (Ref. 86949).
Caught in high latitudes by commercial bottom trawls at about 300-600 m, with open pelagic trawls fished at maximum depth of 1000 m (Ref. 86949).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Bertelsen, E., 1986. Linophrynidae. p. 1408-1414. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris, Vol. 3. (Ref. 13578)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: bycatch
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
