Teleostei (teleosts) >
Cyprinodontiformes (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers) >
Fundulidae (Topminnows and killifishes)
Etymology: Fundulus: Latin, fundus = bottom; a peculiar name for a topminnow, coined for a bottom species of Atlantic coast being "the abode of the fundulus mudfish" (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Goode & Bean.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; freshwater; brackish; benthopelagic; non-migratory; depth range 0 - ? m. Temperate; 15°C - 26°C (Ref. 2059); 40°N - 24°N, 85°W - 74°W
Western Atlantic: Chesapeake Bay to southern Florida (including Keys) in USA and northeastern Gulf of Mexico.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 8.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 27139)
Occurs mainly in grassy backwaters and brackish bays, not along open beaches. Also found in fresh water (Ref. 7251). Omnivorous and feeds on small fishes, insects, small crustaceans, plants, annelid worms and mollusks (Ref. 93252). Not a seasonal killifish. Is difficult to maintain in aquarium (Ref. 27139).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Mature males during the breeding season are dark green, with pearly spots sometimes arranged vertically, these features having similarities with males of F. heteroclitus (Ref. 205). Females are brownish olive in color, with black dots above and black short narrow bars on the body (Ref. 205). Eggs are capable of surviving out of water for long periods of time (Ref. 45994).
Huber, J.H., 1996. Killi-Data 1996. Updated checklist of taxonomic names, collecting localities and bibliographic references of oviparous Cyprinodont fishes (Atherinomorpha, Pisces). Société Française d'Ichtyologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, 399 p. (Ref. 27139)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.1 - 26.9, mean 25.5 °C (based on 105 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00375 - 0.01400), b=3.16 (2.99 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 143 [68, 358] mg/100g; Iron = 0.523 [0.248, 1.058] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [15.7, 18.6] %; Omega3 = 0.398 [0.153, 1.021] g/100g; Selenium = 5.25 [1.77, 14.88] μg/100g; VitaminA = 32.1 [8.0, 129.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.51 [0.91, 2.41] mg/100g (wet weight);
