Family Hexagrammidae - Greenlings
Order : Perciformes/Cottoidei Hexagrammidae Hexagrammidae
Class : Teleostei
No. in FishBase : Genera : 3 | Species : 9 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes
Environment : Fresh : No | Brackish : No | Marine : Yes
Division : Marine
Aquarium : none
First Fossil Record :      
Remark : Distribution: Endemic to the North Pacific Ocean, primarily in subarctic and temperate waters, with one species (Hexagrammos stelleri) also occurring in the Arctic Ocean. No spines on the upper part of the head. One or two fleshy cirri above each eye in most species. Body moderately elongate and compressed. Single dorsal fin; usually notched. Spines on dorsal fin 16-28; soft rays 11-30. Anal fin long based, with up to 4 spines which in most species are rudimentary, and 12-28 soft rays. Pelvic fins with 1 spine and 5 soft rays. One pair of nostrils. Anterior nostrils well developed. Posterior nostrils pore-like or absent. Scales ctenoid, except cycloid in Ophiodon elongatus. One or five lateral lines. Teeth typically small, present on jaws and vomer; present also on palatines on some species. Gill membranes broadly joined and free of the isthmus with gill openings not extending far forward, or gill membranes joined to each other only anteriorly and free of the isthmus with gill openings extending far forward. Branchiostegal rays 6. Swim bladder absent. Vertebrae 36-62. Coloration is highly variable in some species and frequently differs by sex, size, geographic locality and local habitat. Reaches 1.52 m maximum length (in Ophiodon elongatus). Marine; intertidal to depth of 600 m or more, most species typically found shallower than 200 m on the continental shelf. Demersal except for Atka mackerels, Pleurogrammus, which as adults are pelagic. Diet includes various prey such as crabs, amphipods, polychaetes, juvenile fishes and fish eggs. Maximum length about 60 cm, most species reaching less. Zaniolepis was recognized in its own family in Eschmeyer (1998). Subfamilies: Hexagramminae (greenlings); Ophiodontinae (lingcods); Oxylebiinae (painted greenlings); Pleurogramminae (Atka mackerels); Zaniolepidinae (combfishes). Also Ref. 7463.
Etymology : Greek, exa = six + Greek, gramma = sign, some graphic mark ( Ref. 45335).
Reproductive guild : guarders
Typical activity level : normal
Main Ref. : Mecklenburg, C.W. and W.N. Eschmeyer 2003
Coordinator :
Deep Fin Classification : Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Acanthopterygii | Percomorphaceae | Eupercaria | | | Perciformes | Cottoidei | Hexagrammales | Hexagrammidae

Show species images | Show valid names | Nominal species list | CAS specimen photos | References

Ref.
[ e.g. 9948 ]
Glossary
[ e.g. oophagy ]


Species/Synonymy list for the family Hexagrammidae as currently in FishBase

Important recommendation:

The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.

Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.

But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.

Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.

This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).

The list ordered as follows:

Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.

Show all | Show only accepted name | Show only accepted and original names
Scientifc name Status Senior/Junior synonym Combination
Hexagramminae
Hexagrammos stelleri Tilesius, 1810
acceptedseniororiginal
Labrax hexagrammus Pallas, 1814
synonymjuniororiginal
Chiropsis nebulosus Girard, 1858
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Hexagrammos asper Tilesius, 1810.
synonymjuniororiginal
Hexagrammoides nudigenis Gratzianov, 1907
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
Labrax decagrammus Pallas, 1810
synonymseniororiginal
Chiropsis decagrammus (Pallas, 1810)
synonymseniornew
Chirus denarius Richardson, 1844
synonymjuniororiginal
Grystes lineatus Ayres, 1854
synonymjuniororiginal
Chirus guttatus Girard, 1854
synonymjuniororiginal
Chirus constellatus Girard, 1854
synonymjuniororiginal
Chirus maculoseriatus Lockington, 1880
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
Labrax lagocephalus Pallas, 1810
synonymseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
Lebius superciliosus (Pallas, 1810)
synonymjuniornew
Chirus pictus Girard, 1854
synonymjuniororiginal
Chirus balias Cope, 1873
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
Labrax octogrammus Pallas, 1814
synonymseniororiginal
Chirus ordinatus Cope, 1873
synonymjuniororiginal
Octogrammus pallasi Bleeker, 1874
synonymjuniororiginal
Hexagrammos agrammus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
acceptedseniornew
Labrax agrammus Temminck & Schlegel, 1843
synonymseniororiginal
Agrammus agrammus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
synonymseniornew
! Hexagrammous agrammus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
synonymseniornew
! Hexamogrammos agrammus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
synonymseniornew
Agrammus schlegelii Günther, 1860
synonymjuniororiginal
Hexagrammos otakii Jordan & Starks, 1895
acceptedseniororiginal
Hexagrammos aburaco Jordan & Starks, 1903
synonymjuniororiginal
Hexagrammos pingi Wu & Wang, 1931
synonymjuniororiginal
Ophiodontinae
Ophiodon elongatus Girard, 1854
acceptedseniororiginal
Oplopoma pantherina Girard, 1856
synonymjuniororiginal
Pleurogramminae
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Pleurogrammus azonus Jordan & Metz, 1913
acceptedseniororiginal
Stellistius katsukii Jordan & Tanaka, 1927
synonymjuniororiginal
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