Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; demersal; pH range: 5.5 - 7.2; dH range: 5 - 15. Tropical; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 13614)
South America: Amazon River basin from Peru to Marajó Island, including tributaries Araguaia and Guaporé Rivers; Orinoco River basin near the mouth; Essequibo River basin.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.8 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 79673)
Short description
Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Distinct large black spot on underside of caudal peduncle.
Found mostly in freshwater and coastal streams, but can tolerate brackish water. Sometimes kept in aquariums (Ref. 26938).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari, 1986. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25. (Ref. 6329)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03090 (0.01823 - 0.05240), b=2.86 (2.72 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).