Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal. Tropical
Western Atlantic: Belize to Santa Catarina, Brazil; also Trinidad, Jamaica, St. Barthélemy, and Suriname.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.7 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 80009); max. published weight: 90.20 g (Ref. 118626)
Common in estuarine areas (Ref. 36453).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Greenfield, D.W. and J.E. Thomerson, 1997. Fishes of the continental waters of Belize. University Press of Florida, Florida. 311 p. (Ref. 30499)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.7 - 28, mean 27.3 °C (based on 238 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00833 - 0.01443), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).