Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates)
Eponymy: Dr William Jacob Holland (1848–1932) was a Jamaican-born American Presbyterian minister, entomologist and palaeontologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Jordan & Richardson.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 67 - 87 m (Ref. 106604). Tropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Western Pacific: southern Japan (Ref. 559), East China Sea, Taiwan, and the South China Sea.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 106604)

Bottom-dwellers that feed on invertebrates and bony fish (Ref. 9908). Depth range given by H. Ishihara (pers.comm. 07/07). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.3-6.7 cm long and 2.7-3.9 cm wide (Ref. 41253, 41298).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Oviparous (Ref. 9908). Paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : McEachran, John | Collaborators

McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Vulnerable (VU) (A2d); Date assessed: 06 May 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Other (Ref. 10311)

Human uses

Fisheries: bycatch

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
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Ecology
Ecology

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 18.4 - 26.8, mean 25.2 °C (based on 82 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.61 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Fec assumed to be <100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Okamejei hollandi (Jordan & Richardson, 1909)