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Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs) > Percidae (Perches) > Etheostomatinae
Etymology: Percina: Latin, diminutive of perch = perch (Ref. 45335); phoxocephala: From the words phoxo, meaning tapering, and cephala, head (Ref. 10294).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Freshwater; benthopelagic. Temperate; 46°N - 33°N

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

North America: found only in Mississippi River basin from Ohio to northeastern South Dakota and south to northern Alabama and southern Oklahoma in the USA; and in Lake Winnebago system (in Lake Michigan drainage) in Wisconsin, USA.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 9.6 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5723); common length : 6.7 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 12193); max. reported age: 3.00 years (Ref. 12193)

Inhabits gravel runs and riffles of creeks and small to medium rivers (Ref. 5723, 10294). Feeds on mayfly nymphs (baetids, heptageniids), midge larvae, and hydropsychid caddisfly larvae (Ref. 10294).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 March 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00383 - 0.01194), b=3.15 (2.99 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (tmax=3; Fec=50-720).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Percina phoxocephala (Nelson, 1876)