References by Family

References Used for Fishes of Apteronotidae
( Ghost knifefishes )

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[ n = 132 ]

RefNo

Description

85150	Agudelo-Zamora, H., P. Pelayo-Villamil, L.E. Ochoa-Orrego and L.F. Jiménez-Segura, 2009 Fish, Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae, Apteronotus magdalenensis (Miles, 1945): Distribution extension of an endangered endemic knifefish, in northern Colombia. Check List, Campinas 5(4):879-881.
36886	Albert, J.S., 2003 Apteronotidae (Ghost knifefishes). p. 497-502. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
35451	Albert, J.S., 2001 Species diversity and phylogenetic systematics of American knifefishes (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei). Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. University of Michigan, 190:1-129.
33194	Albert, J.S. and R. Campos-da-Paz, 1998 Phylogenetic systematics of Gymnotiformes with diagnoses of 58 clades: a review of available data. p. 419-446. In L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Vari, Z.M.S. Lucena and C.A.S. Lucena (eds.) Phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS.
80384	Albert, J.S. and W.G.R. Crampton, 2009 A new species of electric knifefish, genus Compsaraia (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) from the Amazon River, with extreme sexual dimorphism in snout and jaw length. Systematics and Biodiversity 7(1):81-92.
57730	Albert, J.S. and W.G.R. Crampton, 2006 Pariosternarchus amazonensis: a new genus and species of Neotropical electric fish (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) from the Amazon River. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 17(3):267-274.
36657	Albert, J.S., R. Froese, R. Bauchot and H. Ito, 1999 Diversity of brain size in fishes: preliminary analysis of a database including 1174 species in 45 orders. p. 647-656. In B. Seret and J.-Y. Sire (eds.) Proceedings of the 5th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference, Noumea, New Caledonia, 3-8 November 1997. Societe Française d'Ichtyologie, Paris, France.
34393	Almeida-Toledo, L.F., F. Foresti and S.A. Toledo, 1981 Constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer regions in the knifefish Apteronotus albifrons (Pisces, Apteronotidae). Experientia 37:953-954.
31982	Anonymous, 1999 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)).
38732	Anonymous, 2001 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes.
41414	Anonymous, 2002 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA.
36670	Anonymous, 2000 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa.
35508	Anonymous, 2000 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH).
40919	Anonymous, 2001 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen.
47438	Anonymous, 2003 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum.
10937	Anonymous, 1996 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
34634	Anonymous, 2000 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA.
30184	Arkhipchuk, V.V., 1999 Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk.
36889	Arratia, G., 2003 Percichthyidae (Temperate basses). p. 596-597. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
13614	Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl, 1997 Aquarien Atlas, Band 5. Mergus Verlag, Melle, Germany. 1148 p.
2059	Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl, 1991 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p.
86296	Barbosa, J.M. and E.C. Soares, 2009 Perfil da ictiofauna da Bacia do São Francisco: estudo preliminar. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Pesca 4(1): 155-172.
9082	Barriga, R., 1991 Peces de agua dulce del Ecuador. Revista de Informacion tecnico-cientifica, Quito, Ecuador, Politecnica, XVI(3):7-88.
41805	Bassleer, G., 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p.
48502	Bassleer, G., 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p.
7361	Begossi, A. and J.C. Garavello, 1990 Notes on the ethnoichthyology of fishermen from the Tocantins River (Brazil). Acta Amazon. 20:341-351.
48366	Begossi, A., R.A.M. Silvano, B.D. do Amaral and O.T. Oyakawa, 1999 Uses of fish and game by inhabitants of an extractive reserve (upper Juruá, Acre, Brazil). Environ. Dev. Sust. 1:73-93.
26147	Benedito-Cecilio, E., A.A. Agostinho and R.C.C.-M. Velho, 1997 Length-weight relationship of fishes caught in the Itaipu Reservoir, Paraná, Brazil. Naga, ICLARM Q. 20(3-4):57-61.
128868	Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins, 2023 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p.
115978	Bernt, M.J. and J.S. Albert, 2017 A new species of deep-channel electric knifefish Compsaria (Apteronotidae, Gymnotiformes) from the Amazon River. Copeia 105(2):211-219.
9955	Blake, R.W., 1983 Swimming in the electric eels and knifefishes. Can. J. Zool. 61(6):1432-1442.
33371	Campos-da-Paz, R., 1999 New species of Megadontognathus from the Amazon Basin, with phylogenetic and taxonomic discussions on the genus (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae). Copeia 1999(4):1041-1049.
36352	Campos-da-Paz, R., 2000 On Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau: a South American electric knifefish, with descriptions of two new species (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae). Copeia 2000(2):521-535.
57479	Campos-da-Paz, R., 2005 Previously undescribed dental arrangement among electric knifefishes, with comments on the taxonomic and conservation status of Tembeassu marauna Triques (Otophysi: Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae). Neotrop. Ichthyol. 3(3):395-400.
51471	Carl, H., 2003 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished.
97589	Casatti, L., M.A. Pérez-Mayorga, F.R. Carvalho, G.L. Brejão and I.D. da Costa, 2013 The stream fish fauna from the rio Machado basin, Rondônia State, Brazil. Check List 9(6):1496-1504.
58108	Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 2003 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn
84138	Crampton, W.G.R., 2007 Diversity and adaptation in deep channel neotropical electric fishes. pp. 283-339 In Sébert P.; Onyango, D.W.; Kapoor, B.G. (eds). Fish life in special environments. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers Inc.
5518	Dahl, G., 1971 Los peces del norte de Colombia. Instituto de Desarrollo de los Recursos Naturales Renovables, Bogota (INDERENA). i-xvii, 1-391 p.
99868	de Queiroz, L.J., G. Torrente-Vilara, W.M. Ohara, T.H. da S. Pires, J. Zuanon and C.R. da C. Doria, 2013 Peixes do Rio Madeira. Vol. III. Dialeto Latin American Documentary, São Paulo. 413 p.
83661	de Santana, C. D. and G. R. Crampton, 2010 A review of the South American electric fish genus Porotergus (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) with the description of a new species. Copeia 2010(1):165-175.
83662	de Santana, C. D. and R. P. Vari, 2010 New rheophilic species of electric knifefish from the rapids and waterfalls of the Lower Rio Xingu, Brazil (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae). Copeia 2010(1):160-164.
84053	de Santana, C. D. and R.P. Vari, 2010 Electric fishes of the genus Sternarchorhynchus (Teleostei, Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes); phylogenetic and revisionary studies. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 159:223-371.
50581	de Santana, C.D., 2003 Apteronotus caudimaculosus n. sp. (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae), a sexually dimorphic black ghost knifefish from the Pantanal, Western Brazil, with a note on the monophyly of A. albifrons species complex. Zootaxa 252:1-11.
56957	de Santana, C.D. and A. Nogueira, 2006 Two new species of Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau from the Amazon basin, Brazil (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 17(1):85-92.
91045	de Santana, C.D. and C. Cox Fernandes, 2012 A new species of sexually dimorphic electric Knifefish from the Amazon Basin, Brazil (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae). Copeia 2012(2):283-292.
56955	de Santana, C.D. and D.C. Taphorn, 2006 Sternarchorhynchus gnomus, a new species of electric knifefish from the lower rio Caroni, Venezuela (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 17(1):1-8.
55976	de Santana, C.D. and J.A. Maldonado-Ocampo, 2005 Apteronotus milesi, new species of ghost knifefish (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) from the Cauca River, with a key to apteronotids from the Magdalena-Cauca basin, Colombia. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 16(3):223-230.
57702	de Santana, C.D. and P. Lehmann A., 2006 Apteronotus camposdapazi, a new species of black ghost electric knifefish, from the Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 17(3):261-266.
81220	de Santana, C.D. and P.V. Vari, 2009 The South American electric fish genus Platyurosternarchus (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae). Copeia 2009(2):233-244.
91753	de Santana, C.D. and R.P. Vari, 2012 New species of Adontosternarchus (Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae) from the Rio Purus Basin, Brazil. Copeia 2012(3):535-540.
93867	de Santana, C.D. and R.P. Vari, 2013 Brown ghost electric fishes of the Apteronotus leptorhynchus species-group (Ostariophysi, Grymnotiformes); monophyly, major clades, and revision. Zool. J. Lin. Soc. 168(3):564-596.
75769	de Santana, C.D. and W.G.R. Crampton, 2007 Revision of the deep-channel electric fish genus Sternarchogiton (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae). Copeia 2007(2):387-402.
57455	de Santana, C.D. and W.G.R. Crampton, 2006 Sternarchorhynchus curumim (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae), a new species of tube-snouted ghost electric knifefish from the lowland Amazon basin, Brazil. Zootaxa 1166:57-68.
75033	de Santana, C.D., J.A. Maldonado-Ocampo and W.G.R. Crampton, 2007 Apteronotus galvisi, a new species of electric ghost knifefish fro the Río Meta basin, Colombia (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 18(2):117-124.
50571	de Santana, C.D., J.A. Maldonado-Ocampo, W. Severi and G.N. Mendes, 2004 Apteronotus eschmeyeri, a new species of ghost knifefish from the Magdalena Basin, Colombia (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae). Zootaxa 410:1-11.
57694	de Santana, C.D., O. Castillo and D. Taphorn, 2006 Apteronotus magoi, a new species of ghost knifefish from the Río Orinoco basin, Venezuela (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 17(3):275-280.
117026	DoNascimiento, C., E.E. Herrera-Collazos, G.A. Herrera-R., A. Ortega-Lara, F.A. Villa-Navarro, J.S.U. Oviedo and J.A. Maldonado-Ocampo, 2017 Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Colombia: a Darwin Core alternative to the updating problem. ZooKeys 708:25-138.
10883	Dulka, J.G. and L. Maler, 1994 Testosterone modulates female chirping behavior in the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus. J. Comp. Physiol. 174A:331-343.
123477	ECoF, Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes, 2024 Catalog of Fishes. 1985 - onwards. CITATION NOT TO BE USED OUTSIDE FISHBASE. SEE REMARKS. Authorship varies in time: Eschmeyer, W.N.; Fricke, R.; Van der Laan, R. Web database. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp
39197	Eigenmann, C.H., 1922 The fishes of western South America, Part I. The fresh-water fishes of northwestern South America, including Colombia, Panama, and the Pacific slopes of Ecuador and Peru, together with an appendix upon the fishes of the Rio Meta in Colombia. Mem. Carnegie Mus. (MCM), Oct., v. 9 (no. 1):1-346.
12965	Eschmeyer, W.N., 1997 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7.
33021	Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.), 1999 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of November 1999. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in November 1999.
26282	Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.), 1998 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p.
86870	Eschmeyer, W.N. and Fricke R. (eds.), 2011 Catalog of fishes. Updated internet version of 05 May 2011. Catalog databases of CAS cited in FishBase (website).
126780	Evans, K.M., W.G.R. Crampton and J.S. Albert, 2017 Taxonomic revision of the deep channel electric fish genus Sternarchella (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae), with descriptions of two new species. Neotrop. Ichthyol. 15(2):1-30.
83882	FAO-FIES, 2010 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010.
90062	FAO-FIES, 2012 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012.
95632	FAO-FIES, 2014 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014.
101110	FAO-FIES, 2015 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015].
75549	FAO-FIES, 2008 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008.
115257	FAO-FIES, 2017 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017).
118272	FAO-FIES, 2018 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018]
39620	Ferreira, E.JG., G.M. Santos and M. Jégu, 1988 Aspectos ecológicos da ictiofauna do rio Mucujaí, na área da ilha Paredao, Roraima, Brasil. Amazoniana 10(3):339-352.
29395	Foresti, F., L.F. Almeida Toledo and S.A. Toledo F, 1981 Polymorphic nature of nucleolus organizer regions in fishes. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 31(3):137-144.
86299	FUEM-NUPÉLIA/SUREHMA/ITAIPU BINACIONAL, 1987 Relatório anual do projeto "Ictiofauna e biologia pesqueira". Nupélia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá: 306 p.
26543	Galvis, G., J.I. Mojica and M. Camargo, 1997 Peces del Catatumbo. Asociación Cravo Norte, Santafé de Bogotá, D.C., 188 p.
83813	Graça, W.J.D. and C.S. Pavanelli, 2007 Peixes da planíce de inundação do alto do rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes. EDUEM, Maringá, 241 p.
96636	Hernández-Serna, A., V. Márquez-Velásquez, J.D. Carvajal-Quintero, A. Gulfo, C. Granado-Lorencio and L.F. Jiménez-Segura, 2014 Length-weight relationships of 38 fish species of the Magdalena River floodplain lakes. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 30(3):549-551.
2209	Hinegardner, R. and D.E. Rosen, 1972 Cellular DNA content and the evolution of teleostean fishes. Am. Nat. 106(951):621-644.
34669	Howell, W.M., 1972 Somatic chromosomes of the black ghost knifefish Apteronotus albifrons (Pisces, Apteronotidae). Copeia 1972(1):191-193.
4517	Hureau, J.-C., 1991 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris.
86302	IBAMA, 2004 Instrução normativa no. 5 de 21 de maio de 2004. Anexo 1. http://www.ibama.gov.br/rec_pesqueiros/legislacao.php?id_arq=98. Accessed in August 9th, 2010.
86303	Isaac, V.J., A.R. Araújo and J.V. Santana, 1998 A pesca no estado do Amapá: alternativas para seu desenvolvimento sustentável. Vol. 1. Série Estudos do Amapá. Macapá, Amapá. 132 p.
126983	IUCN, 2022 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2. . Downloaded 10 Jan 2023.
10605	Kirschbaum, F., 1995 Reproduction and development in mormyriform and gymnotiform fishes. p.267-301. In P. Moller (ed.) Electric fishes:history and behavior. Fish and Fisheries Series 117. Chapman & Hall, London.
26497	Kirschbaum, F., 1995 Vergleichende Daten zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie von drei Messerfisch-Arten (Gymnotiformes). p. 91-114. In H. Greven and R. Riehl (eds.) Fortpflanzungsbiologie der Aquarienfische. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany.
34370	Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven, 1995 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften.
40007	Lannoo, M.J. and S.J. Lannoo, 1993 Why do electric fishes swim backwards? An hypothesis based on gymnotiform foraging behavior interpreted through sensory constraints. Environ. Biol. Fishes 36(2):157-165.
51849	Lasso, C.A., O.M. Lasso-Alcalá, A. Pombo and M. Smith, 2004 Distribution of fish species among localities during the AquaRAP survey of the Gulf of Paria and Orinoco delta, Venezuela. p. 315-319. In Rapid assessment of the biodeiversity and social aspects of the aquatic ecosystems of the Orinoco delta and the Gulf of Paria, Venezuela. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 37. Conservation International. Washington DC, USA. 360p.
125983	Lima, R.G.d.S.F., B.E. Soares, T.F. de Barros, R. Mazzoni and E.P. Caramaschi, 2022 Length-weight relationships in 45 Neotropical fish species from the upper Tocantins River basin (Brazil). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 2022:1-9.
9574	Lindsey, C.C., 1978 Form, function and locomotory habits in fish. p. 1-100. In W. S. Hoar and D. J. Randall (eds.) Fish Physiology VII. Academic Press, New York.
56308	López, H.L., A.M. Miquelarena and J. Ponte Gómez, 2005 Biodiversidad y distribución de la ictiofauna Mesopotámica. Miscelánea 14:311-354.
9086	Lopez, H.L., R.C. Menni and A.M. Miguelarena, 1987 Lista de los peces de agua dulce de la Argentina. Biologia Acuatica No. 12, 50 p. (Instituto de Limnologia "Dr. Raul A. Ringuelet").
78211	Lundberg, J.G. and C. Cox Fernandes, 2007 A new species of South American ghost knifefish (Apteronotidae: Adontosternarchus) from the Amazon basin. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 156 (1):27-37.
93342	Lundberg, J.G., C. Cox Fernandez, R. Campos-Da-Paz and J.P. Sullivan, 2013 Sternarchella calhamazon n. sp., the Amazon's most abundant species of apteronotid electric fish, with a note on the taxonomic status of Sternarchus capanemae Steindachner, 1868 (Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci Phila. 162:157-173.
13085	Lundberg, J.G., C.C. Fernandes, J.S. Albert and M. Garcia, 1996 Magosternarchus, a new genus with two new species of electric fishes (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) from the Amazon river basin, South America. Copeia 1996(3):657-670.
26457	Mago-Leccia, F., 1994 Electric fishes of the continental waters of America. Fundacion para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Fisicas, Matematicas y Naturales (FUDECI), Biblioteca de la Academia de Ciencias Fisicas. Matematicas y Naturales, Caracas, Venezuela. vol. 29 . 206 p.
10886	Marrero, C. and D.C. Taphorn, 1991 Notas sobre la historia natural y la distribucion de los peces gymnotiformes in la cuenca del Rio Apure y otros rios de la Orinoquia. Biollan. 8:123-142.
400	Mendes dos Santos, G.M.C., M. Jégu and B. de Merona, 1984 Catálogo de peixes comerciais do baixo rio Tocantins. Projecto Tucurí. Manaus, ELETRONORTE/CNPQ/INPA 83p.
10011	Møller, P.R., 1995 Electric fishes: history and behavior. Chapman & Hall, London. 584 p.
86306	Nomura, H., 1984 Nomes científicos dos peixes e seus correspondentes nomes vulgares. In H. Nomura (ed.). Dicionário dos peixes do Brasil. Editerra, Brasília, Brasil: 27-63.
6329	Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari, 1986 Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25.
101194	Patzner, R.A., 2008 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350. In Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p.
105472	Pihu, E., 1979 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn.
12225	Planquette, P., P. Keith and P.-Y. Le Bail, 1996 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 1. Collection du Patrimoine Naturel Volume 22, MNHN, Paris & INRA, Paris. 429 p.
7052	Porto, J.I.R., E. Feldberg, C.M. Nakayama and J.N. Falcao, 1992 A checklist of chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Amazonian freshwater fishes. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 25(4):287-299.
10595	Rasnow, B., C. Assad and J.M. Bower, 1993 Phase and amplitude maps of the electric organ discharge of the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus. J. Comp. Physiol. 172A:481-491.
30503	Rass, T.S., 1983 Fish. Vol. 4, Life of animals. V.E. Sokolov (ed.), Moscow: Prosveschenie. 575p.
1672	Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch, 1991 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p.
13371	Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch, 1996 Aquarien Atlas, Band 1. 10th edition. Mergus Verlag GmBH, Melle, Germany. 992 p.
4537	Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p.
116654	Saks, L., 2017 Estonian Common Names, Rank 2. Personal communication
116655	Saks, L., 2017 Estonian Common Names, Rank 4. Personal communication
30491	Schliewen, U.K., 1992 Aquarium fish. Barron's Education Series, Incorporated. 159 p.
52193	Skelton, P.H., 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p.
38868	Stewart, D., R. Barriga S. and M. Ibarra, 1987 Ictiofauna de la cuenca del Río Napo, Ecuador Oriental: lista anotada de especies. Politécnica 12(4):9-63.
31402	Swedish Museum of Natural History, 1999 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
10841	Szabo, T., 1974 Anatomy of the specialized lateral line organs of electroreception. P. 13-58. In A. Fessard (ed.) Handbook of sensory physiology. Vol III/3. Electrorecptors and other specialized receptors in lower vertebrates. Springer, Berlin.
9235	Tello, S. and H. Sánchez, 1995 To be filled. Unpublished.
86309	Toledo-Piza, M., 2002 Peixes do Rio Negro (Fishes of the Rio Negro: Alfred Russel Wallace (1980-1952)). To be filled.
88927	Triques, M.L., 2011 Apteronotus acidops, new species of long snouted electric fish (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae) from the upper rio Paraná basin in Brazil, with a key to the apteronotid species from the area. Vertebrate Zoology 61(3):299-306
38330	Triques, M.L., 1993 Filogenia dos Gêneros de Gymnotiformes (Actinopterygii, Ostariophysi), com base em caracteres esqueléticos. Comun. Mus. Ciênc. Tecnol. PUCRS, Sér. Zool. Porto Alegre (CMCPSZ), v. 6:85-130.
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