| Main Ref. | Benine, R.C. and G.A.M. Lopes, 2007 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks | In adult males, first five to seven branched anal-fin rays with very small hooks. These hooks are located on the last basal segments and on the segments of the posterior branch of each hooked ray. All hooks are backward pointed and varying in number from two to four per ray segment. Also a more elongate dorsal fin is a secondary sexually dimorphic feature in males. |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | fusiform / normal |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | more or less straight |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | terminal |
| Type of scales | cycloid scales |
| Diagnosis |
Diagnosed from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: elongate dorsal fin (more evident in adult males) with an anterior dark area; concentration of dark pigments on the distal portion of the second through fourth branched anal-fin rays (resulting in a dark dash in this area); presence of a single humeral spot and caudal spot reaching the tip of the middle caudal-fin rays; premaxillary teeth of the outer row bearing only three cusps; three scale rows below the lateral line (Ref. 72397). Description: Dorsal fin ii,9; Anal fin iv,22, 22, 23, 24; Pectoral fin i10, i11, i12; Pelvic fin i7 (Ref. 72397). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | 9 - 14 |
| Scales in lateral series | 30 - 32 |
| Scale rows above lateral line | 5 - 5 |
| Scale rows below lateral line | 3 - 3 |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | 11 - 12 |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | 15 - 15 |
| total |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 11 - 11 |
| Adipose fin | present |
| Attributes | forked |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 24 - 25 |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 11 - 13 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 8 - 8 |