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| Sound produced | yes, active sound production |
| Type of sound produced | thumps & scratchy grunts |
| Sound production organ | pharyngeal teeth & swim bladder |
| Sound mechanism | pharyngeal teeth stridulation amplified by adjacent swim bladder. Also vibration of swim bladder by contraction of body muscles |
| Behavioural context | when alarmed and under duress (manual & electric stimulation) |
| Reference | Fish, M.P. and W.H. Mowbray, 1970 |
| Remark | part of recording is made in open lagoon & includes some feeding sounds, recording amplified by 6 dB and low pass noise reduction filter (< 3600 Hz) applied |