| Key to species of electric rays (torpedoes, AFS: torpedo electric rays) (Torpedinidae) occurring in the Western Central Atlantic. |
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| McEachran, J.D. and M.R. de Carvalho 2003. Order Torpediniformes. Torpedinidae. Electric rays (torpedoes, AFS: torpedo electric rays). p. 515-517. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 1: Introduction, molluscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, batoid fishes, and chimaeras. Ref No [50174] Key No. [883] |
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