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Espécie relacionadas
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Sparus - Espécies em
Sparidae - - Classificação -
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Adicionar as suas observações no Fish Watcher
| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Sparus aurata AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
Adicionar o seu Fotografias e vídeos
Pictures | Videos | Stamps, coins, misc. | Imagem do Google
Sparus aurata
Picture by Pillon, R.
Pictures | Videos | Stamps, coins, misc. | Imagem do Google
Picture by Pillon, R.
Common names from other countries
Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Sparus: Latin, sparus = a fish with a golden head (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Sparus: Latin, sparus = a fish with a golden head (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Issue
There has been much confusion in the past literature between the names Chrysophrys aurata/us, Pagrus aurata/us and Sparus aurata/us, that were used for two different species: Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 from the Northeast and Central Atlantic, Pagrus auratus (Forster, 1801) from the West Pacific on one other side on the other side. Check the geographic origin of specimens when these names are used in the literature.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina demersal; intervalo de profundidade 1 - 150 m (Ref. 35388), usually 1 - 30 m (Ref. 54890). Subtropical; 62°N - 15°N, 17°W - 43°E (Ref. 54890)
Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri
Eastern Atlantic: British Isles, Strait of Gibraltar to Cape Verde and around the Canary Islands; also in the Mediterranean (Ref. 3688). Reported from the Black Sea (Ref. 12781). Reports from New Zealand refer to Pagrus auratus (Foster 1801) (Ref. 5755, 9258).
Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 36.5, range 33 - 40 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 35388); common length : 35.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 4781); peso máx. Publicado: 17.2 kg (Ref. 40637); Idade máx. registada: 11 anos (Ref. 7253)
Max length : 70.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 35388); common length : 35.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 4781); peso máx. Publicado: 17.2 kg (Ref. 40637); Idade máx. registada: 11 anos (Ref. 7253)
Descrição breve Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 11; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 13 - 14; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais moles: 11 - 12. Body tall, with large black spot on the gill cover. Snout more than twice as long as the eye diameter (Ref. 35388).
Found in seagrass beds and sandy bottoms as well as in the surf zone commonly to depths of about 30 m, but adults may occur to 150 m depth. A sedentary fish, either solitary or in small aggregations. In spring, they often occur in brackish water coastal lagoons and estuaries. Mainly carnivorous, accessorily herbivorous (Ref. 3688). Feed on shellfish, including mussels and oysters. One of the most important fishes in saline and hypersaline aquaculture. Utilized fresh and eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9987).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Males become females at about 3 years of age (Ref. 2715, 28504). Protandric hermaphrodite species, maturing first as male (during the first or second year of age) and after the second or third year of age, as female. Spawning happens generally from October to December, with sequenced spawning during the whole period. Incubation lasts about 2 days at 16-1 7°C. Larval stages last about 50 days at 1 7.5°C or about 43
days at 20°C. Egg size 0.9-1.1 mm, larval length at hatching 2.5-3.0 mm. Simultaneous hermaphroditism is suggested for this species (Ref. 103751).
Referência principal
Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Preocupação menor (LC) ; Date assessed: 19 August 2009
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; Aquacultura: espécies comerciais; peixe desportivo: sim
FAO(Aquaculture systems: produção, perfil da espécie; pescarias: produção, perfil da espécie; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Mais informação
Population dynamics
Parâmetros de crescimento
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Frequência de comprimento
Mass conversion
Recrutamento
Abundância
Parâmetros de crescimento
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Frequência de comprimento
Mass conversion
Recrutamento
Abundância
Life cycle
Reprodução
Maturidade
Fecundidade
Desova
Spawning aggregations
Ovos
Desenvolvimento dos ovos
Larvas
Dinâmica larvar
Reprodução
Maturidade
Fecundidade
Desova
Spawning aggregations
Ovos
Desenvolvimento dos ovos
Larvas
Dinâmica larvar
Anatomy
Área branquial
Brain
Otolith
Área branquial
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Consumo de oxigénio
Tipo de natação
Velocidade de natação
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Consumo de oxigénio
Tipo de natação
Velocidade de natação
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Perfis para aquacultura
Estirpes
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Perfis para aquacultura
Estirpes
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Ferramentas
Bio-Quiz | E-book | Guia de campo | Chaves de identificação | Ferramenta auxiliar de frequências de comprimento | Ferramenta sobre a história de vida | Mapa dos pontos | Classification Tree
| Catch-MSY |
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Consultar FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genoma, nucleotídeo) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Bases de dados nacionais | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Aquários públicos | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Árvore da vida | Wikipedia(ir para, procurar) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Registo zoológico
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 12.1 - 21, mean 17.8 (based on 258 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.01085 - 0.01332), b=3.02 (2.99 - 3.05), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.28; tmax=11; tm=2-3).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 7 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).