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Genyonemus - Species in
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Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres, 1855)
White croaker
Add your observation in Fish Watcher
| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Genyonemus lineatus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Genyonemus lineatus
Picture by Gotshall, D.W.
Pictures | Google image
Picture by Gotshall, D.W.
United States (contiguous states) country information
Common names:
Croaker, White croaker
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: of no interest | Ref: Hart, J.L., 1973
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: bait: yes;
Comments: Sometimes used as bait in California (Ref. 6885). Also in Ref. 51256.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983
National Database:
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: of no interest | Ref: Hart, J.L., 1973
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: bait: yes;
Comments: Sometimes used as bait in California (Ref. 6885). Also in Ref. 51256.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983
National Database:
Common names from other countries
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Genyonemus: Greek, geny, -yos = face, jaw + Greek, nema = filament (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.
Etymology: Genyonemus: Greek, geny, -yos = face, jaw + Greek, nema = filament (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Marine; benthopelagic; depth range ? - 183 m (Ref. 2850), usually ? - 30 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 49°N - 24°N, 129°W - 111°W
Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Eastern Pacific: Canada (Barkley Sound in British Columbia) to Mexico (southern Baja California; rare north of California, USA.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 14.0, range 13 - 15 cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 56049)
Max length : 41.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 56049)
Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal spines (total): 13 - 16; Dorsal soft rays (total): 21 - 24; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 11 - 12; Vertebrae: 25. Pelvic fins with fleshy appendage at base, first ray with free thread-like tip.
Found over sandy bottoms (Ref. 9118). Feed on polychaetes, small shrimps, crabs and mollusks (Ref. 9118). Oviparous, multiple pelagic spawner (Ref. 51256).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
A multiple spawner (Ref. 51256).
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 October 2019
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes
FAO(Fisheries: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
More information
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Anatomy
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Tools
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Special reports
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Internet sources
Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7.7 - 18.1, mean 10.7 (based on 104 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00561 - 0.01865), b=3.09 (2.94 - 3.24), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.49 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=1; tmax = 15; Min batch fecundity = 800).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).