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Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845)
Bighead carp
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Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
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United States (contiguous states) country information
Common names:
Bighead carp
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011
Importance: commercial | Ref: Missouri Department of Conservation, 2008
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Introduced into Arkansas in 1972 to improve water quality in aquaculture facilities. Has established in Missouri, Mississippi, and Ohio river basins from central Kentucky to South Dakota and south to Louisiana (Ref. 86798). Recorded from the Arkansas rivers, and Mississippi River in Missouri (Ref. 10294). Has established in aquaculture through assisted/artificial reproduction. Has not established in the wild (Ref. 1739). Found in open water of large rivers, backwaters, floodplain lakes, reservoirs and ponds. Young sometimes occurs in small creeks (Ref. 86798). A popular fish sold in live fish markets. Found in 4 out of 6 live fish markets near the Lakes Erie and Ontario (Ref. 53249). Also Ref. 12589.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011
National Database:
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011
Importance: commercial | Ref: Missouri Department of Conservation, 2008
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Introduced into Arkansas in 1972 to improve water quality in aquaculture facilities. Has established in Missouri, Mississippi, and Ohio river basins from central Kentucky to South Dakota and south to Louisiana (Ref. 86798). Recorded from the Arkansas rivers, and Mississippi River in Missouri (Ref. 10294). Has established in aquaculture through assisted/artificial reproduction. Has not established in the wild (Ref. 1739). Found in open water of large rivers, backwaters, floodplain lakes, reservoirs and ponds. Young sometimes occurs in small creeks (Ref. 86798). A popular fish sold in live fish markets. Found in 4 out of 6 live fish markets near the Lakes Erie and Ontario (Ref. 53249). Also Ref. 12589.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011
National Database:
Common names from other countries
Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Xenocyprididae (East Asian minnows)
Etymology: Hypophthalmichthys: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, ophthalmos = eye + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335); nobilis: nobilis, meaning noble (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Richardson.
Etymology: Hypophthalmichthys: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, ophthalmos = eye + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335); nobilis: nobilis, meaning noble (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Richardson.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie
; zoet water; brak water benthopelagisch; potamodroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 0 - ? m (Ref. 59043). Temperate; 1°C - 38°C (Ref. 120904); 34°N - 21°N, 101°E - 123°E (Ref. 121042)
Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri
Asia: China. Introduced to numerous countries and has achieved a near global distribution. However, its breeding requirements are very specialized and stocks are maintained by artificial reproduction or continuous importation. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 1739). Often confused with Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Ref. 59043).
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 64.2, range 55 - 70 cm
Max length : 146 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 59043); common length : 60.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 2059); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 40.0 kg (Ref. 59043); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 20 Jaren (Ref. 59043)
Max length : 146 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 59043); common length : 60.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 2059); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 40.0 kg (Ref. 59043); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 20 Jaren (Ref. 59043)
Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 3; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 7; Anale stekels: 1 - 3; Anale zachte stralen: 12 - 14. Body with numerous scattered small black blotches. Keels extend from pelvic base to anus. Barbels absent. Posterior margin of last simple dorsal ray not serrated. Branched anal rays 13-14.5 (Ref. 13274). Differs from Hypophthalmichthys molitrix by having scaled keel from pelvic to anal, 240-300 long gill rakes, head length 27-35% SL, dark overall coloration, flank with dark, large, very irregularly shaped blotches, fin bases and inferior parts of head and belly yellowish (Ref. 59043).
In its natural environment, it occurs in rivers with marked water-level fluctuations, overwinters in middle and lower stretches. Forages in shallow (0.5-1.5 m deep) and warm (over 24°C) backwaters, lakes and flooded areas with slow current. Feeds on zooplankton throughout its life under natural conditions (Ref. 120904). Breeds in very deep, very turbid and warm water above 18°C (usually 22-30°C), with high current (1.1-1.9 m/s) and high oxygen concentrations. Stocked to large rivers and almost all still water bodies as lakes and ponds. In aquaculture, adults can survive brackish water (up to 7 ppt) when released into estuaries and coastal lakes. Feeds mainly on zooplankton, but also takes algae as food (Ref. 59043). Bottom feeding fish (Ref. 6459). Undertakes long distance upriver migration at start of a rapid flood and water-level increase (in April-July depending on locality). Spawns in upper water layer or even at surface during floods. Spawning ceases if conditions change and resumes again when water level increases. After spawning, adults migrate for foraging habitats, Larvae drift downstream and settle in floodplain lakes, shallow shores and backwaters with little or no current. During autumn-winter, when temperature drops to 10°C, juveniles and adults form separate large schools and migrate downstream to deeper places in main course of river to overwinter (Ref. 59043). Marketed fresh and frozen.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Produces up to 100,000 eggs (Ref. 2059). Eggs are yellowish, transparent, and hatch after about 2 days at temperatures around 25°C while drifting downstream in the deep open-water layer (Ref. 59043).
Hoofdreferentie
Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers
Kottelat, M., 2001. Freshwater fishes of northern Vietnam. A preliminary check-list of the fishes known or expected to occur in northern Vietnam with comments on systematics and nomenclature. Environment and Social Development Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region. The World Bank. 123 p. (Ref. 44416)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Onvoldoende gegevens (DD) ; Date assessed: 02 September 2010
Gevaar voor de mens
Potential pest
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van groot commercieel belang; Aquacultuur: commercieel; sportvis: ja; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria
FAO(Aquaculture systems: productie, soortsprofiel; visserij: productie; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Meer informatie
Population dynamics
Groeiparameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Lengtefrequenties
Massaconversie
Rekrutering
Abundantie
Groeiparameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Lengtefrequenties
Massaconversie
Rekrutering
Abundantie
Life cycle
Voortplanting
Maturiteit
Fecunditeit
Paaien
Spawning aggregations
Eieren
Ontwikkeling van de eieren
Larven
Larvale populatiedynamiek
Voortplanting
Maturiteit
Fecunditeit
Paaien
Spawning aggregations
Eieren
Ontwikkeling van de eieren
Larven
Larvale populatiedynamiek
Anatomy
Kieuwoppervlak
Brain
Otolith
Kieuwoppervlak
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Zuurstofverbruik
Zwemtype
Zwemsnelheid
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Zuurstofverbruik
Zwemtype
Zwemsnelheid
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquacultuurprofielen
Kweeklijnen
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Aquacultuurprofielen
Kweeklijnen
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Tools
Bio-Quiz | E-boek | Veldgids | Lengtefrequentie Tool | Levenscyclus tool | Verspreidingskaart | Classification Tree
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Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Exoten/Invasieve soorten database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Bekijk FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genoom, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Nationale databanken | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(ga naar, zoek) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00841 - 0.01135), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 2.8 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (tm=3-5; tmax=20; K=0.15-0.27; Fec=50,000-1 million).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (64 of 100).