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Cyprinidae - - Classification -
- Cyprininae
- Cyprinidae
- Cypriniformes
- Teleostei
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Carassius auratus
Picture by Winter, T.J.
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Picture by Winter, T.J.
Ukraine country information
Common names:
Karas, Zolotaja rybka, Золота рибка
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1997
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Blanc, M., J.-L. Gaudet, P. Banarescu and J.-C. Hureau, 1971
National Database:
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1997
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Blanc, M., J.-L. Gaudet, P. Banarescu and J.-C. Hureau, 1971
National Database:
Common names from other countries
Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps) > Cyprininae
Etymology: Carassius: Latinization of , karass, karausche, European crucian carp (Ref. 45335); auratus: From the words carassius--Latin of karass (common name for these fishes in Eurasia) and auratus, meaning gilded (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Carassius: Latinization of , karass, karausche, European crucian carp (Ref. 45335); auratus: From the words carassius--Latin of karass (common name for these fishes in Eurasia) and auratus, meaning gilded (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία
; Γλυκού νερού; Υφάλμυρο βενθοπελαγικό; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19; ποταμόδρομος (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους 0 - 20 m (Ref. 6898). Subtropical; 0°C - 41°C (Ref. 35682); 53°N - 22°N
Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri
Asia: native in East Asia, China and Japan (Ref. 6390). Introduced elsewhere. throughout the world with reported adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 27549); common length : 10.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9987); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 1.6 kg (Ref. 128900); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 41 έτη (Ref. 72468)
Max length : 48.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 27549); common length : 10.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9987); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 1.6 kg (Ref. 128900); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 41 έτη (Ref. 72468)
Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 3 - 4; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 14 - 20; Εδρικές άκανθες: 2 - 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 4 - 7; Σπόνδυλοι: 30. Body stout, thick-set, caudal peduncle thick and short (Ref. 1998). Head without scales (Ref. 39167, 1998), broadly triangular (Ref. 1998), interorbital space broad, snout longer than eye diameter, maxillary reaching posterior nostril or not quite to eye (Ref. 39166), barbels lacking on upper jaw (Ref. 39104, 1998). Lateral line complete. Dorsal and anal fins with serrate bony spines, pelvic fins short, broad and thoracic. Nuptial tubercles of male fine, on opercle, sometimes on back and a few on pectoral fins. Hybridize readily with carp, hybrids intermediate in most characteristics (Ref. 1998). Caudal fin with 17-19 rays (Ref. 2196). Last simple anal ray osseous and serrated posteriorly; no barbels (Ref. 43281). Pigmentation: Wild-caught specimens, olive brown (Ref. 39168, 39104), slate olive, olive green, with a bronze sheen (Ref. 39104), silvery, grayish yellowish, gray-silver (Ref. 39169), through gold (often with black blotches) to creamy white (Ref. 1998); yellowish white or white below. Cultured forms vary through scarlet, red-pink, silver, brown, white, black and combinations of these colors (Ref. 39104).
Inhabit rivers, lakes, ponds and ditches (Ref. 5258, 10294) with stagnant or slow-flowing water (Ref. 30578). Occur in eutrophic waters, well vegetated ponds and canals (Ref. 59043). Live better in cold water. Feed mainly on plankton, benthic invertebrates, plant material and detritus (Ref. 59043). Goldfish lay eggs on submerged vegetation. Females spawn multiple times during the spawning period (Ref. 88808). Oviparous, with pelagic larvae. They last long in captivity (Ref. 7248). Maximum recorded salinity is 17 ppt (Ref. 39171), but unable to withstand prolonged exposure above 15 ppt (Ref. 39172, 39174). Used as an experimental species (Ref. 4537). Valued as ornamental fish for ponds and aquaria; edible but rarely eaten (Ref. 9987). Aquarium keeping: in groups of 5 or more individuals; minimum aquarium size 100 cm (Ref. 51539). Reported individual hooked by an angler in a lake in Poole, Dorset measured 40 cm (16 in), weighing 2.3 kg (Practical Fishkeeping, 2010).
Life cycle and mating behavior Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Cold water temperatures during the winter months are necessary for proper ova development (Ref. 44091). Spawning takes place in shallow water among weeds, often where willow roots grow exposed in water (Ref. 39171), also meadows inundated by spring flood (Ref. 39176). Spawning activity begin just before dawn (Ref. 39168), to midafternoon (Ref. 39177). Individual fish spawn 3-10 lots of eggs at intervals of 8-10 days (Ref. 39180). Juveniles need high temperature to grow. Eggs are sticky, attached to water plants or submerged objects (Ref. 59043). Females spawn multiple times during the spawning period (Ref. 88808).
Main reference
Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες
Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo, 1993. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 221 p. (Ref. 7050)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 August 2010
Threat to humans
Potential pest
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); Υδατοκαλλιέργειες: Εμπορικό(ά); αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί; Ενυδρείο: πολύ εμπορικό; δόλωμα: occasionally
FAO(Aquaculture systems: Παραγωγή; αλιεία: Παραγωγή; publication : search) | FishSource |
Περισσότερες πληροφορίες
Population dynamics
Παράμετροι Αύξησης
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Στρατολόγηση
Αφθονία
Παράμετροι Αύξησης
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Στρατολόγηση
Αφθονία
Life cycle
Αναπαραγωγή
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση
Γονιμότητα
Γεννοβολία
Spawning aggregations
Αβγά
Egg development
Προνύμφες
Δυναμική προνυμφών
Αναπαραγωγή
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση
Γονιμότητα
Γεννοβολία
Spawning aggregations
Αβγά
Egg development
Προνύμφες
Δυναμική προνυμφών
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Κατανάλωση οξυγόνου
Κολυμβητικός τύπος
Ταχύτητα κολύμβησης
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Κατανάλωση οξυγόνου
Κολυμβητικός τύπος
Ταχύτητα κολύμβησης
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
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Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
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Στελέχοι
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Εργαλεία
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Εθνικές βάσεις δεδομένων | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Δημόσια ενυδρεία | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Δέντρο Ζωής | Wikipedia(Go, αναζήτηση) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.01104 - 0.01503), b=3.04 (3.00 - 3.08), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.17; tm=1; tmax=30).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).