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Espécie relacionadas
- Espécies em
Sardina - Espécies em
Alosidae - - Classificação -
- Alosidae
- Clupeiformes
- Teleostei
- Chordata
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Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792)
European pilchard
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Sardina pilchardus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Sardina pilchardus
Picture by De Sanctis, A.
Pictures | Videos | Stamps, coins, misc. | Imagem do Google
Picture by De Sanctis, A.
Tunisia country information
Common names:
Sardina
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ts.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
National Database:
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ts.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
National Database:
Common names from other countries
Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Sardina: Latin and Greek, sarda = sardine; name related to the island of Sardinia (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.
Etymology: Sardina: Latin and Greek, sarda = sardine; name related to the island of Sardinia (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia
marinhas; Água doce; estuarina; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 10 - 100 m (Ref. 5286), usually 25 - 100 m (Ref. 54866). Subtropical; 68°N - 14°N, 32°W - 43°E (Ref. 54866)
Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri
Northeast Atlantic: Iceland (rare) and North Sea, southward to Bay de Gorée, Senegal. Mediterranean (common in the western part and in Adriatic Sea, rare in the eastern part), Sea of Marmara and Black Sea.
Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 14.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 27.5 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 74552); common length : 20.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 188); Idade máx. registada: 15 anos (Ref. 35388)
Max length : 27.5 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 74552); common length : 20.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 188); Idade máx. registada: 15 anos (Ref. 35388)
Descrição breve Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 13 - 21; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais moles: 12 - 23. Body sub-cylindrical, belly rather rounded (but more compressed in juveniles). Hind margin of gill opening smoothly rounded (without fleshy outgrowths) ; 3 to 5 distinct body striae radiating downward on lower part of operculum; lower gill rakers not becoming shorter at angle of first gill arch, the upper series not overlapping the lower. Last 2 anal fin rays enlarged.
Littoral species (Ref. 6808). Form schools, usually at depths of 25 to 55 or even 100 m by day, rising to 10 to 35 m at night. Feed mainly on planktonic crustaceans, also on larger organisms. Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846), in the open sea or near the coast, producing 50,000-60,000 eggs with a mean diameter of 1.5 mm (Ref. 35388). Marketed fresh, frozen or canned. Also utilized dried or salted and smoked; can be pan-fried, broiled and microwaved (Ref. 9988).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Breeds at 20 to 25 m, near the shore or as much as 100 km out to sea.
Referência principal
Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Preocupação menor (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 May 2013
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: altamente comercial
FAO(pescarias: produção, perfil da espécie; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Mais informação
Population dynamics
Parâmetros de crescimento
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Frequência de comprimento
Mass conversion
Recrutamento
Abundância
Parâmetros de crescimento
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Frequência de comprimento
Mass conversion
Recrutamento
Abundância
Life cycle
Reprodução
Maturidade
Fecundidade
Desova
Spawning aggregations
Ovos
Desenvolvimento dos ovos
Larvas
Dinâmica larvar
Reprodução
Maturidade
Fecundidade
Desova
Spawning aggregations
Ovos
Desenvolvimento dos ovos
Larvas
Dinâmica larvar
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Consumo de oxigénio
Tipo de natação
Velocidade de natação
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Consumo de oxigénio
Tipo de natação
Velocidade de natação
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Perfis para aquacultura
Estirpes
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Perfis para aquacultura
Estirpes
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Ferramentas
E-book | Guia de campo | Chaves de identificação | Ferramenta auxiliar de frequências de comprimento | Ferramenta sobre a história de vida | Mapa dos pontos | Classification Tree
| Catch-MSY |
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Consultar FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genoma, nucleotídeo) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Bases de dados nacionais | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Aquários públicos | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Árvore da vida | Wikipedia(ir para, procurar) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Registo zoológico
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7.1 - 17.3, mean 10.3 (based on 553 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00554 - 0.00719), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.23-0.5; tm=1-2; tmax=15).
Prior r = 0.63, 95% CL = 0.41 - 0.94, Based on 26 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).