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Elasmobranchii 板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) > Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) > Lamnidae (Mackerel sharks or white shark)
Etymology: Isurus:isos (Gr.), equal; oura (Gr.), tail, referring to caudal-fin lobes of I. oxyrinchus being equal in length (except that they are not; the upper is clearly longer) (See ETYFish); oxyrinchus:oxys (Gr.), sharp or pointed; rynchus (L.), snout, referring to its pointed snout (See ETYFish). More on author: Rafinesque.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 888 m (Ref. 106604), usually 100 - 150 m (Ref. 36731). 亞熱帶的; 16°C - ? (Ref. 9988); 65°N - 54°S, 180°W - 180°E
Cosmopolitan in temperate and tropical seas (Ref. 6871, 11230). Western Atlantic: Gulf of Maine to southern Brazil and Argentina (Ref. 58839), including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean. Eastern Atlantic: Norway to South Africa, including the Mediterranean. Indo-Pacific: East Africa to Hawaii, north to Primorskiy Kray (Russian Federation), south to Australia and New Zealand. Eastern Pacific: south of Aleutian Islands and from southern California, USA to Chile. 全球分佈於溫帶與熱帶的海洋。 (參考文獻 6871,11230) 西大西洋: 緬因灣到巴西南部, 包括墨西哥灣與加勒比海。 東大西洋: 挪威到南非, 包括地中海。 印度-太平洋: 東非到夏威夷, 北至 Primorskiy Kray(俄羅斯聯邦), 南至澳洲與紐西蘭。 東太平洋: 阿留申群島南方與從美國的南加州到智利。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm278.3, range 275 - 285 cm Max length : 445 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 106604); common length : 270 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 505.8 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 32 年 (Ref. 86588)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0. A large, spindle-shaped shark with large black eyes, a sharp snout, and large, narrow, hooked teeth with smooth edges (Ref. 5578). Caudal fin lunate, lower lobe strongly developed (Ref. 13574). Dark blue above, white below (Ref. 6581). Tiny second dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 26938). 大, 纺锤形的鲨鱼有大的黑色眼，一个锐利的吻, 与大的，狭窄的，和钩状的牙齿有平滑的边缘.(参考文献 5578) 尾鳍新月状的, 下叶发育明显的.(参考文献 13574) 背面深蓝色的, 腹面白色的.(参考文献 6581) 极小的第二背鳍与臀鳍.(参考文献 26938)
Oceanic, but sometimes found close inshore (Ref. 6871, 11230, 58302). Usually in surface waters (Ref. 30573), down to about 150 m (Ref. 26938, 11230). Coastal, epipelagic at 1->500 m (Ref. 58302). Isotope analysis has shown that shortfin mako is the highest level fish predator in oceanic waters off eastern Australia (Ref. 86961). Adults feed on bony fishes, other sharks (Ref. 5578), cephalopods; larger individuals may feed on larger prey such as billfish and small cetaceans (Ref. 6871, 58048). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 43278, 50449). With 4-16 young of about 60-70 cm long (Ref. 35388, 26346). Gestation period lasts 15-18 months, spawning cycle is every 3 years. Some authors (Refs. 1661, 28081, 31395) have erroneously assumed that two age rings are deposited per year by this species, thus underestimating longevity, age at maturity, and resilience . These data have been removed and replaced by recent, verified estimates (Refs. 86586, 86587, 86588). Tagging in New Zealand indicates seasonal migrations (Ref. 26346). The presence of genetic differentiation in mitochondrial DNA across global populations (Ref. 36416) suggests dispersal may be male-biased, and that females may have natal site-fidelity. Shortfin mako has been shown to have a marked sexually segregated population structure (Ref. 86954). Shortfin mako is probably the fastest of all sharks and can leap out of the water when hooked (Ref. 6871). Potentially dangerous and responsible for unprovoked attacks on swimmers and boats (Ref. 13574). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Valued for its fine quality meat as well as its fins and skin (Ref. 247). Oil is extracted for vitamins and fins for shark-fin soup (Ref. 13574). Jaws and teeth are also sold as ornaments and trophies (Ref. 9988). by Kabasakal & de Maddalena, 2011 reported a historical record of a larger specimen, caught in the Mediterranean Sea off Turkey, about 585 cm (TL estimated from photographs) (Ref. 106604). Maximum depth from Ref. 125614.
Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449). With up to 18 young in a litter (Ref. 26346). Gives birth to litters of 4-25 (usually 10-18) pups after a gestation period of 15-18 months; reproduces every 3 years (Ref.58048). Size at birth between 60 and 70 cm (Ref. 247). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).全球分佈於溫帶與熱帶的海洋。 (參考文獻 6871,11230) 西大西洋: 緬因灣到巴西南部, 包括墨西哥灣與加勒比海。 東大西洋: 挪威到南非, 包括地中海。 印度-太平洋: 東非到夏威夷, 北至 Primorskiy Kray(俄羅斯聯邦), 南至澳洲與紐西蘭。 東太平洋: 阿留申群島南方與從美國的南加州到智利。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 9.7 - 24.4, mean 17.4 (based on 598 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.7813 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00388 - 0.01075), b=3.03 (2.88 - 3.18), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
