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Squalius cephalus
Picture by Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/D. Terver
Pictures | Videos | Stamps, coins, misc. | グーグルの画像
Picture by Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/D. Terver
Slovenia country information
Common names:
Klen
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/si.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Gerstmeier, R. and T. Romig, 1998
National Database:
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/si.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Gerstmeier, R. and T. Romig, 1998
National Database:
Common names from other countries
分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
Leuciscus orientalis Nordmann, 1840 is considered valid in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. May 2011: Ref. 86870). This is allocated to Squalius in Ref. 84537, a valid name, but secondary homonym Squalius orientalis Heckel, 1847 needs a replacement name.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学
; 新鮮な水; 汽水性の 底生の漂泳性; pH range: 6.0 - 7.8; dH range: 8 - 25; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 0 - ? m. Temperate; 4°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 64°N - 35°N, 10°W - 60°E
分布 国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri
Eurasia: North, Baltic, northern Black, White, Barents and Caspian Sea basins, Atlatinc basins southward to Adour drainages (France), Great Britain north to 56°C, Scandinavia: southern Finland, Sweden north to abut Stockholm. Mediterranean basin from Var to Hérault (possibly Aude) (France) drainages. Introduced elsewhere, Naturally absent from Italy and Adriatic basin.
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 25.0, range 7 - 30 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 59043); common length : 30.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 556); 最大公表体重: 8.0 kg (Ref. 2196); 最大記録サイズ: 22 年 (Ref. 41616)
Max length : 60.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 59043); common length : 30.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 556); 最大公表体重: 8.0 kg (Ref. 2196); 最大記録サイズ: 22 年 (Ref. 41616)
簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 3; 背鰭 (合計) : 7 - 9; 肛門の骨: 3; 臀鰭: 7 - 10; 脊つい: 42 - 48. Differs from its congeners in France, North, Baltic, Arctic, Black and Caspian Sea basins by the possession of the following characters: dorsal profile with a well-marked discontinuity between head and trunk; a row of black pigments along free margin of each flank scale, forming a regular reticulate pattern, with no or very few pigments on central part of scales; anal and pelvic fins orange to red; dorsal fin with 8½ branched rays; anal fin with 8½ branched rays (rarely 9½); scales on lateral line 40-45 + 2-3; mouth terminal, with well marked chin; lower jaw tip not included in the upper lip; interorbital distance 37-42% HL; postorbital distance 47-51% HL; eye diameter 17-22% HL, 1.5-2.3 times in snout length; body depth 22-27% SL; lower jaw long, length greater than depth of operculum; iris whitish; pharyngeal teeth 2,5-5,2; in stretched anal fin of individuals larger than about 15 cm SL, distance between tips of first and last branched rays usually greater than caudal peduncle depth (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196).
Most abundant in small rivers and large streams of barbel zone with riffles and pools. Found along shores of slow-flowing lowland rivers, even in very small mountain streams, and in large lake, undertaking spawning migration to inflowing streams. Adults are solitary while juveniles occur in groups. Feeding larvae and juveniles live in very shallow shoreline habitats. Feed on a wide variety of aquatic and terrestrial animals and plant material. Large individuals prey predominantly on fishes. Breed in fast-flowing water above gravel bottom, rarely among submerged vegetation. Often form fertile hybrids with Alburnus alburnus (Ref. 59043). Popular with amateur sport fishermen. Can be caught with various baits and lures. The flesh is of poor quality (Ref. 38587).
Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Spawning occurs in fast-flowing water above gravel bottom, rarely among submerged vegetation. Female spawn more than once during a season, individual females spawn with several males. Males assemble at spawning site and follow ripe females, often with much splashing, to shallow riffles. Females lays sticky eggs into the gravel (Ref. 59043). Pale yellow eggs are found attached to gravel, weed and stones in flowing water (Ref. 41678).
主な参考文献
Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
人間に対する脅威
Harmless
Human uses
水産業: 少数商業の; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
FAO(Aquaculture systems: 代謝; 水産業: 代謝; publication : search) | FishSource |
より多くの情報
Population dynamics
成長のパラメーター
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
体長組成
Mass conversion
補充
豊度
成長のパラメーター
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
体長組成
Mass conversion
補充
豊度
用具
Bio-Quiz | E-book | 野外観察図鑑 | 検索表 | Length-frequency wizard | 生活史の基盤ツール | 目的のマップ | Classification Tree
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特記事項
XMLをダウンロードして下さい
インターネットの情報源
Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(ゲノム, ヌクレオチド) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | 国のデーターベース | OsteoBase(skull, spine) | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | 公共の水族館 | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | 生命の木 | Wikipedia(行く, 検索する) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物に関する記録
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00657 - 0.00799), b=3.13 (3.10 - 3.16), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278): 2.7 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.12-0.28; tm=3-7; tmax=10; Fec=20,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (61 of 100).