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Carassius - Вид в
Cyprinidae - - Классификация -
- Cyprininae
- Cyprinidae
- Cypriniformes
- Teleostei
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Carassius auratus
Picture by Winter, T.J.
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Picture by Winter, T.J.
Slovakia country information
Common names:
Karas zlatý
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Also Ref. 1739.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/lo.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Holčik, J., 1996
National Database:
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Also Ref. 1739.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/lo.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Holčik, J., 1996
National Database:
Common names from other countries
Классификация / Names народные названия | синонимы | Catalog of Fishes(род, виды) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps) > Cyprininae
Etymology: Carassius: Latinization of , karass, karausche, European crucian carp (Ref. 45335); auratus: From the words carassius--Latin of karass (common name for these fishes in Eurasia) and auratus, meaning gilded (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Carassius: Latinization of , karass, karausche, European crucian carp (Ref. 45335); auratus: From the words carassius--Latin of karass (common name for these fishes in Eurasia) and auratus, meaning gilded (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range экология
; пресноводный; солоноватоводный донно-пелагический; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19; мигрирует в реке (Ref. 51243); пределы глубины 0 - 20 m (Ref. 6898). Subtropical; 0°C - 41°C (Ref. 35682); 53°N - 22°N
распространение страны | регионы FAO | Ecosystems | места находок | Point map | интродукции | Faunafri
Asia: native in East Asia, China and Japan (Ref. 6390). Introduced elsewhere. throughout the world with reported adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 27549); common length : 10.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 9987); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 1.6 kg (Ref. 128900); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 41 годы (Ref. 72468)
Max length : 48.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 27549); common length : 10.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 9987); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 1.6 kg (Ref. 128900); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 41 годы (Ref. 72468)
Краткое описание определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 3 - 4; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 14 - 20; колючие лучи анального плавника: 2 - 3; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 4 - 7; позвонки: 30. Body stout, thick-set, caudal peduncle thick and short (Ref. 1998). Head without scales (Ref. 39167, 1998), broadly triangular (Ref. 1998), interorbital space broad, snout longer than eye diameter, maxillary reaching posterior nostril or not quite to eye (Ref. 39166), barbels lacking on upper jaw (Ref. 39104, 1998). Lateral line complete. Dorsal and anal fins with serrate bony spines, pelvic fins short, broad and thoracic. Nuptial tubercles of male fine, on opercle, sometimes on back and a few on pectoral fins. Hybridize readily with carp, hybrids intermediate in most characteristics (Ref. 1998). Caudal fin with 17-19 rays (Ref. 2196). Last simple anal ray osseous and serrated posteriorly; no barbels (Ref. 43281). Pigmentation: Wild-caught specimens, olive brown (Ref. 39168, 39104), slate olive, olive green, with a bronze sheen (Ref. 39104), silvery, grayish yellowish, gray-silver (Ref. 39169), through gold (often with black blotches) to creamy white (Ref. 1998); yellowish white or white below. Cultured forms vary through scarlet, red-pink, silver, brown, white, black and combinations of these colors (Ref. 39104).
Inhabit rivers, lakes, ponds and ditches (Ref. 5258, 10294) with stagnant or slow-flowing water (Ref. 30578). Occur in eutrophic waters, well vegetated ponds and canals (Ref. 59043). Live better in cold water. Feed mainly on plankton, benthic invertebrates, plant material and detritus (Ref. 59043). Goldfish lay eggs on submerged vegetation. Females spawn multiple times during the spawning period (Ref. 88808). Oviparous, with pelagic larvae. They last long in captivity (Ref. 7248). Maximum recorded salinity is 17 ppt (Ref. 39171), but unable to withstand prolonged exposure above 15 ppt (Ref. 39172, 39174). Used as an experimental species (Ref. 4537). Valued as ornamental fish for ponds and aquaria; edible but rarely eaten (Ref. 9987). Aquarium keeping: in groups of 5 or more individuals; minimum aquarium size 100 cm (Ref. 51539). Reported individual hooked by an angler in a lake in Poole, Dorset measured 40 cm (16 in), weighing 2.3 kg (Practical Fishkeeping, 2010).
Life cycle and mating behavior половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | икра | Fecundity | личинки
Cold water temperatures during the winter months are necessary for proper ova development (Ref. 44091). Spawning takes place in shallow water among weeds, often where willow roots grow exposed in water (Ref. 39171), also meadows inundated by spring flood (Ref. 39176). Spawning activity begin just before dawn (Ref. 39168), to midafternoon (Ref. 39177). Individual fish spawn 3-10 lots of eggs at intervals of 8-10 days (Ref. 39180). Juveniles need high temperature to grow. Eggs are sticky, attached to water plants or submerged objects (Ref. 59043). Females spawn multiple times during the spawning period (Ref. 88808).
Основная ссылка
Upload your references | ссылки | координатор | соавторы
Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo, 1993. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 221 p. (Ref. 7050)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Не вызывающий беспокойства (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 August 2010
Угроза для людей
Potential pest
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий; аквакультура (рыбоводство): коммерческий; объект спортивного рыболовства: да; аквариум: важный объект промысла; наживка: occasionally
FAO(Aquaculture systems: production; рыболовство: production; publication : search) | FishSource |
дополнительная информация
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Размерный состав
Mass conversion
пополнение
численность
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Размерный состав
Mass conversion
пополнение
численность
Life cycle
размножение
половая зрелость
Fecundity
нерест
Spawning aggregations
икра
Развитие икры
личинки
динамика численности личинок
размножение
половая зрелость
Fecundity
нерест
Spawning aggregations
икра
Развитие икры
личинки
динамика численности личинок
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
особенности рыбоводства
степень растяжения
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
особенности рыбоводства
степень растяжения
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
инструменты
Bio-Quiz | E-book | полевой определитель | определительные ключи | Длина-Частота | онтогенез | карта точек | Classification Tree
| Catch-MSY |
Специальные отчеты
Проверить содержание в аквариумах | Проверить опубликованные видовые данные | Проверить опубликованные данные по аквакультуре
Скачать в формате XML
ресурсы в Интернет
Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Проверить FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(род, виды) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(Геном, Нуклеотид) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | национальные базы данных | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | общественные аквариумы | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(Вперёд, поиск) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.01104 - 0.01503), b=3.04 (3.00 - 3.08), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref. 120179): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (K=0.17; tm=1; tmax=30).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).