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Carcharodon carcharias, Great white shark : fisheries, gamefish
Elasmobranchii 板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) > Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) > Lamnidae (Mackerel sharks or white shark)
Etymology: Carcharodon:carchar-, presumably referring to Carcharias (Odontaspidae); odon (Gr.), tooth, “Teeth as in Carchari[a]s, serrated on both edges” (See ETYFish); carcharias:From the Ancient Greek karkharías, shark, derived from kárkharos, sharp or jagged, referring to its teeth (“dentibus serratus”) (See ETYFish). More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 1280 m (Ref. 106604), usually 0 - 250 m (Ref. 55270). 亞熱帶的; 61°N - 58°S, 180°W - 180°E
背棘 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0. A huge, spindle-shaped shark with conspicuous black eyes, a blunt, conical snout and large, triangular, saw-edged teeth (Ref. 5578). First dorsal-fin origin usually over the pectoral-fin inner margins (Ref. 43278, 6871). Caudal fin crescentic (Ref. 247). Lead-grey to brown or black above, lighter on sides, and abruptly white below (Ref. 6851). Black spot at rear pectoral fin base (Ref. 6851). 极大, 纺锤形的鲨鱼有显着的黑眼珠，一个钝又锥形吻与大的，三角形的，和边缘锯状的齿.(参考文献 5578) 第一背鳍起源通常在胸鳍内缘上面。 (参考文献 43278,6871) 尾鳍新月形的.(参考文献 247) 铅灰色到褐色或黑色的上方, 两边颜色较淡, 与腹面醒目的白色.(参考文献 6851) 在后面的胸鳍基底的黑色斑点.(参考文献 6851)
Primarily a coastal and offshore inhabitant of continental and insular shelves, but may also occur off oceanic islands far from land (Ref. 247, 43278, 58302). Often close inshore to the surf line and even penetrates shallow bays (Ref. 247). Maximum depth of 700 fathoms (or 1280 m) reported by Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948 is erroneous (Francis et al., 2012 in Ref. 106604). Pelagic, capable of migration across oceanic regions (Ref. 58302). Usually solitary or in pairs but can be found in feeding aggregations of 10 or more; does not form schools (Ref. 247). Feeds on bony fishes, sharks, rays, seals, dolphins and porpoises, sea birds, carrion, squid, octopi and crabs (Ref. 5578) and whales (Ref. 32140). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 43278, 50449). Number of young born per litter, 7 (Ref. 31395) to 14 (Ref. 26346). Reported by some experts to attack humans which they mistake for their normal prey (Ref. 47). Most attacks occur in estuaries. Caught by big-game anglers and line boats for its jaws (Ref. 5578). Reported to cause poisoning (Ref. 4690). Flesh is utilized fresh, dried-salted, and smoked for human consumption, the skin for leather, liver for oil, carcass for fishmeal, fins for shark-fin soup, and teeth and jaws for decorations (Ref. 13574). Maximum total length is leading to much speculation and some measurements are found to be doubtful. Possibly to 6.4 m or more in length (Ref. 43278), considered the world's largest predator with a broad prey spectrum. The record of 10.98 m is incorrect (Ref. 13574). Maximum total length for male from Ref. 91029. Sometimes considered the most dangerous shark in the world (Ref. 26938). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 86942.
Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449). Up to 10, possibly 14 young born at 120-150 cm (Ref. 26346). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Male and female may swim in parallel while copulating (Ref. 28042, 49562).四海為家的人, 大部份南北溫帶。 西大西洋: 加拿大紐芬蘭到阿根廷; 也墨西哥灣北方部，巴哈馬，古巴與小安地列斯群島.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 法國到南非, 包括地中海。 印度洋: 紅海，塞錫爾群島, 南非; 也留尼旺島與模里西斯.(參考文獻 33390) 西太平洋: 西伯利亞到紐西蘭與馬紹爾群島; 也澳洲南方部.(參考文獻 26938) 中太平洋: 夏威夷。 東太平洋: 阿拉斯加到智利。 國際間的買賣合作, 澳洲 ( 引用 附錄 3, 自從 28.5.2003 以後; 公分 附錄 I 與 2).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
