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Orcynopsis - Species in
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Orcynopsis unicolor (GeoffroySaint-Hilaire, 1817)
Plain bonito
Add your observation in Fish Watcher
| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Orcynopsis unicolor AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Pictures | Google image
Orcynopsis unicolor
Picture by Meyer, T.
Pictures | Google image
Picture by Meyer, T.
Senegal country information
Common names:
Palomète, Sipon
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurs in Sine-Saloum Estaury and Casamance River (Ref. 28587).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sg.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.refer.sn/sngal_ct/eco/oeps/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983
National Database:
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurs in Sine-Saloum Estaury and Casamance River (Ref. 28587).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sg.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.refer.sn/sngal_ct/eco/oeps/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983
National Database:
Common names from other countries
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) > Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Orcynopsis: Greek, orkynos, -ou = a kind of tunna + Greek, opsis = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Etymology: Orcynopsis: Greek, orkynos, -ou = a kind of tunna + Greek, opsis = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Marine; brackish; pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 4 - ? m (Ref. 122150). Subtropical; 60°N - 13°S, 18°W - 36°E
Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Eastern Atlantic: Oslo, Norway south to Dakar, Senegal but the range is centered in the southern Mediterranean Sea. Not known from Madeira, the Canary Islands or Cape Verde.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 75.0, range 70 - 80 cm
Max length : 130 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 168); common length : 90.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 168); max. published weight: 13.1 kg (Ref. 168)
Max length : 130 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 168); common length : 90.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 168); max. published weight: 13.1 kg (Ref. 168)
Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal spines (total): 12 - 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 15; Anal soft rays: 14 - 16. Mouth rather large, upper jaw reaching to hind margin of eye. Laminae of olfactory rosette 25 to 28. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Body naked behind the well developed corselet. Swim bladder absent. Vertebrae 17 or 18 precaudal plus 19 to 21 caudal, total 37 to 39. Anterior three quarters of first dorsal fin black.
Adults are neritic, confined primarily to temperate waters, but juveniles may be encountered in waters of up to 30°C. Form small schools at the surface so that the first dorsal fin stands out of the water like that of sharks, also frequently associated with birds. Feed on small fishes, especially sardines, anchovies, jacks, mackerel, bogue and others. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Marketed canned or frozen.
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
A female weighing 5 or 6 kg may carry some 500 to 600,000 eggs which are spawned in portions.
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Collette, Bruce B. | Collaborators
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 March 2022
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes
FAO(Fisheries: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
More information
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Anatomy
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Tools
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Special reports
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Internet sources
Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 12.5 - 23.5, mean 16.3 (based on 264 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00460 - 0.01984), b=3.06 (2.89 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Assuming tm<=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (87 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).