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Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792)
European pilchard
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Sardina pilchardus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Pictures | Videos | Stamps, coins, misc. | Google Bild
Sardina pilchardus
Picture by De Sanctis, A.
Pictures | Videos | Stamps, coins, misc. | Google Bild
Picture by De Sanctis, A.
Romania country information
Common names:
Sardea, Sardina
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ro.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
National Database: Animalia Eukarya - Romania
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ro.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
National Database: Animalia Eukarya - Romania
Common names from other countries
Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Sardina: Latin and Greek, sarda = sardine; name related to the island of Sardinia (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.
Etymology: Sardina: Latin and Greek, sarda = sardine; name related to the island of Sardinia (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie
seewasser; süßwasser; brackwasser; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 10 - 100 m (Ref. 5286), usually 25 - 100 m (Ref. 54866). Subtropical; 68°N - 14°N, 32°W - 43°E (Ref. 54866)
Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Point map | Einführungen | Faunafri
Northeast Atlantic: Iceland (rare) and North Sea, southward to Bay de Gorée, Senegal. Mediterranean (common in the western part and in Adriatic Sea, rare in the eastern part), Sea of Marmara and Black Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm 14.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 27.5 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 74552); common length : 20.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 188); max. veröff. Alter: 15 Jahre (Ref. 35388)
Max length : 27.5 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 74552); common length : 20.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 188); max. veröff. Alter: 15 Jahre (Ref. 35388)
Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 13 - 21; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 12 - 23. Body sub-cylindrical, belly rather rounded (but more compressed in juveniles). Hind margin of gill opening smoothly rounded (without fleshy outgrowths) ; 3 to 5 distinct body striae radiating downward on lower part of operculum; lower gill rakers not becoming shorter at angle of first gill arch, the upper series not overlapping the lower. Last 2 anal fin rays enlarged.
Littoral species (Ref. 6808). Form schools, usually at depths of 25 to 55 or even 100 m by day, rising to 10 to 35 m at night. Feed mainly on planktonic crustaceans, also on larger organisms. Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846), in the open sea or near the coast, producing 50,000-60,000 eggs with a mean diameter of 1.5 mm (Ref. 35388). Marketed fresh, frozen or canned. Also utilized dried or salted and smoked; can be pan-fried, broiled and microwaved (Ref. 9988).
Life cycle and mating behavior Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven
Breeds at 20 to 25 m, near the shore or as much as 100 km out to sea.
Hauptreferenz
Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 May 2013
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: hoch kommerziell
FAO(Fischereien: production, Artbeschreibung; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Mehr Information
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Längenhäufigkeiten
Mass conversion
Rekrutierung
Dichte
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Längenhäufigkeiten
Mass conversion
Rekrutierung
Dichte
Life cycle
Fortpflanzung
Geschlechtsreife
Fecundity
Ablaichen
Spawning aggregations
Eier
Eientwicklung
Larven
Larven Pop.Dyn.
Fortpflanzung
Geschlechtsreife
Fecundity
Ablaichen
Spawning aggregations
Eier
Eientwicklung
Larven
Larven Pop.Dyn.
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquakultur Profile
Zuchtlinien
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Aquakultur Profile
Zuchtlinien
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
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Zusatzinformationen
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Zusammenfassung | Point data | Namen | Photos
Internet Quellen
Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | FishWatcher Einträge suchen | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(Genom, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Nationale Datenbanken | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Öffentliche Aquarien | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(Gehe zu, Suchen) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7.1 - 17.3, mean 10.3 (based on 553 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00554 - 0.00719), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.23-0.5; tm=1-2; tmax=15).
Prior r = 0.63, 95% CL = 0.41 - 0.94, Based on 26 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).