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Tetrapturus pfluegeri Robins, de & Sylva, 1963
Longbill spearfish
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Tetrapturus pfluegeri
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Portugal country information
Common names:
Espadim bicudo, Espadim-bicudo, Longbill spearfish
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist: Portugal
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/po.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Nakamura, I., 1985
National Database: Portuguese Freshwater Fishes
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist: Portugal
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/po.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Nakamura, I., 1985
National Database: Portuguese Freshwater Fishes
Common names from other countries
Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Carangiformes (Jacks) > Istiophoridae (Billfishes)
Etymology: Tetrapturus: Greek, tetra = four + Greek, pteron, fin, wing (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Albert Pflueger Sr. (d: 1962) was a taxidermist based in Miami who invented a new method of mounting fish specimens, especially large ‘sport’ specimens like tarpon and sailfish. (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Robins, de & Sylva.
Etymology: Tetrapturus: Greek, tetra = four + Greek, pteron, fin, wing (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Albert Pflueger Sr. (d: 1962) was a taxidermist based in Miami who invented a new method of mounting fish specimens, especially large ‘sport’ specimens like tarpon and sailfish. (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Robins, de & Sylva.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie
marien; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 0 - 200 m (Ref. 43), usually 100 - ? m (Ref. 4770). Subtropical; 44°N - 33°S, 98°W - 17°E (Ref. 43)
Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri
Atlantic Ocean: widely distributed in offshore waters, much more densely so in the western than in the eastern Atlantic. Highly migratory species.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 254 cm FL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 40637); common length : 165 cm OT mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 43); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 58.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
Max length : 254 cm FL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 40637); common length : 165 cm OT mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 43); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 58.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 50 - 57; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 18 - 21; Wervels: 24. Blue-black above, silvery white splattered with brown on the sides, silvery white below; dorsal fins dark blue; pectorals blackish brown, occasionally with tinges of greyish white; pelvic fins blue-black with a black fin membrane; 1st anal fin dark blue with silvery white at base; 2nd anal fin blackish brown.
Oceanic species, chiefly found in offshore waters, usually above the thermocline. Feed mainly on pelagic fishes and squids (Ref. 4770). Females probably spawn once a year (Ref. 4770). Marketed frozen.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Maturation seems to occur at the same time rather than in the same season both in the northern and southern hemisphere, which could be suggestive of homogeneity of the population of this species. Females probably spawn once a year (Ref. 4770).
Hoofdreferentie
Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 15 September 2010
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; sportvis: ja
FAO(visserij: productie; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Meer informatie
Population dynamics
Groeiparameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Lengtefrequenties
Massaconversie
Rekrutering
Abundantie
Groeiparameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Lengtefrequenties
Massaconversie
Rekrutering
Abundantie
Life cycle
Voortplanting
Maturiteit
Fecunditeit
Paaien
Spawning aggregations
Eieren
Ontwikkeling van de eieren
Larven
Larvale populatiedynamiek
Voortplanting
Maturiteit
Fecunditeit
Paaien
Spawning aggregations
Eieren
Ontwikkeling van de eieren
Larven
Larvale populatiedynamiek
Anatomy
Kieuwoppervlak
Brain
Otolith
Kieuwoppervlak
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Zuurstofverbruik
Zwemtype
Zwemsnelheid
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Zuurstofverbruik
Zwemtype
Zwemsnelheid
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetica
Heterozygosity
Erfelijkheid
Genetica
Heterozygosity
Erfelijkheid
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquacultuurprofielen
Kweeklijnen
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Aquacultuurprofielen
Kweeklijnen
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Tools
E-boek | Veldgids | Determinatiesleutels | Lengtefrequentie Tool | Levenscyclus tool | Verspreidingskaart | Classification Tree
| Catch-MSY |
Speciale rapporten
Bekijk gegevens voor het houden in een aquarium | Bekijk Fact Sheets voor de soort | Bekijk Aquacultuur Fact Sheets
Download XML
Internetbronnen
Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Bekijk FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genoom, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Nationale databanken | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(ga naar, zoek) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 14.1 - 23.7, mean 18.2 (based on 140 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5630 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00195 - 0.01025), b=3.14 (2.94 - 3.34), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 4.4 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (Assuming tm=2-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100).