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Arapaima gigas
Picture by Lovshin, L.
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Picture by Lovshin, L.
Peru country information
Common names:
Paiche
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service, 1993
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Wheeler, A., 1977
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Known from the Amazon River basin (Ref. 50891). Occurs mainly in Ucayali and Marañon Rivers, with the exception of Pacaya-Samiria (Ref. 9235). Minimum size of capture is 1 m. However, this restriction is hardly enforced (Ref. 557).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Ferraris, C.J. Jr., 2003
National Database:
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service, 1993
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Wheeler, A., 1977
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Known from the Amazon River basin (Ref. 50891). Occurs mainly in Ucayali and Marañon Rivers, with the exception of Pacaya-Samiria (Ref. 9235). Minimum size of capture is 1 m. However, this restriction is hardly enforced (Ref. 557).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Ferraris, C.J. Jr., 2003
National Database:
Common names from other countries
分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues) 骨舌魚目 (Bony tongues) > Arapaimidae (Bonytongues) 巨鯡科 (Bonytongues)
Etymology: Arapaima: From tupí-guaraní, arapaima (Ref. 45335).
Etymology: Arapaima: From tupí-guaraní, arapaima (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 6.5; dH range: 10 - ?. 熱帶; 25°C - 29°C (Ref. 2060); 5°N - 11°S
分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri
South America: Amazon River basin. The active fishing of this fish has reduced both the population size, and occurrence of large individuals, especially around the populated regions of the Amazon (Ref. 50891).
南美洲: 亞馬遜河流域。 國際間的買賣限制。 ( 引用2, 自從 1.7.75 以後) 這一個魚的活躍釣魚已經縮小的兩者族群大小, 與大個體的發生尤其在亞馬遜河的人口稠密區域周圍.(參考文獻 50891)
南美洲: 亞馬遜河流域。 國際間的買賣限制。 ( 引用2, 自從 1.7.75 以後) 這一個魚的活躍釣魚已經縮小的兩者族群大小, 與大個體的發生尤其在亞馬遜河的人口稠密區域周圍.(參考文獻 50891)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 149.5, range 145 - 154 cm
Max length : 450 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6398); common length : 200 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 557); 最大體重: 200.0 kg (Ref. 557)
Max length : 450 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6398); common length : 200 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 557); 最大體重: 200.0 kg (Ref. 557)
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Often referred to as the largest freshwater fish. Builds a nest of about 15 cm depth and 50 cm width in sandy bottoms. Spawns in April and May and guards the eggs and the young. Obligate air breather. The fish rises to the surface of the water and inspires air in a noisy, distinctive gulp, which is reported to carry for long distances (Ref. 50891). Migrates into higher floodplain habitats with rising water and moves back eventually to lacustrine habitats during low water level (Ref. 116898). Threatened due to over harvesting (Ref. 58490).
時常被歸屬於最大的淡水魚。 在砂質底部中建立一個大約 15 公分深與 50個公分寬的巢。 產卵在四月與五月而且保衛卵與幼魚。 使負義務呼吸空氣的魚類。 魚水上升到水面而且在吵雜又特殊的位元組群中激發空氣, 是報告長距離運送.(參考文獻 50891) 受威脅的捕穫之上由於.(參考文獻 58490)
時常被歸屬於最大的淡水魚。 在砂質底部中建立一個大約 15 公分深與 50個公分寬的巢。 產卵在四月與五月而且保衛卵與幼魚。 使負義務呼吸空氣的魚類。 魚水上升到水面而且在吵雜又特殊的位元組群中激發空氣, 是報告長距離運送.(參考文獻 50891) 受威脅的捕穫之上由於.(參考文獻 58490)
Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
南美洲: 亞馬遜河流域。 國際間的買賣限制。 ( 引用2, 自從 1.7.75 以後) 這一個魚的活躍釣魚已經縮小的兩者族群大小, 與大個體的發生尤其在亞馬遜河的人口稠密區域周圍.(參考文獻 50891)
主要參考資料
Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Ferraris, C.J. Jr., 2003. Arapaimatidae (Bonytongues). p. 31. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 50891)
對人類具威脅
無害處的
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
FAO(Aquaculture systems: 產生; 漁業: 產生; publication : search) | FishSource |
更多資訊
Population dynamics
成長參數
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
長度-頻率
Mass conversion
入添量
豐度
成長參數
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
長度-頻率
Mass conversion
入添量
豐度
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
耗氧量
游泳類型
游泳速度
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
耗氧量
游泳類型
游泳速度
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
工具
Bio-Quiz | E-book | 野外調查 | 長度- 頻率 Wizard | 生活- 歷史的工具 | 分布圖 | Classification Tree
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特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | 檢查 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(基因組, 核甘) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | OsteoBase(skull, spine) | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | 公眾的水族館 | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | 樹狀分類階層 | Wikipedia(去, 搜尋) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物學的記錄
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5938 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00594 - 0.02026), b=2.94 (2.77 - 3.11), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tm=4-6; Fec=47,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).