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Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turbot
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Scophthalmus maximus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Scophthalmus maximus
Picture by Quantz, G.
Pictures | Videos | Stamps, coins, misc. | Google image
Picture by Quantz, G.
Netherlands country information
Common names:
Tarbot
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot, 1974
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Muus, B. and P. Dahlström, 1978
National Database:
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot, 1974
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Muus, B. and P. Dahlström, 1978
National Database:
Common names from other countries
Classification / Names आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Scophthalmidae (Turbots)
Etymology: Scophthalmus: Greek, skopelos = a lantern fish + Greek, ophthalmos = eyes (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Scophthalmus: Greek, skopelos = a lantern fish + Greek, ophthalmos = eyes (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; खारा ड़िमरसल; औशिनोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 20 - 70 m (Ref. 6302). Temperate; 70°N - 30°N, 25°W - 42°E
वितरण देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | Point map | भूमिका | Faunafri
Northeast Atlantic: throughout the Mediterranean and along the European coasts to Arctic Circle; also found in most of the Baltic Sea. Subspecies Psetta maxima maeotica in the Black Sea.
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm 40.8, range 41 - 54 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 4703); common length : 50.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 35388); common length :70 cm TL (female); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 25.0 kg (Ref. 9988); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 25 वर्षो (Ref. 32766)
Max length : 100.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 4703); common length : 50.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 35388); common length :70 cm TL (female); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 25.0 kg (Ref. 9988); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 25 वर्षो (Ref. 32766)
Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स
Body almost circular. Eye side without scales but with large bony tubercles (Ref. 35388).
Adults live on sandy, rocky or mixed bottoms; rather common in brackish waters. Feed mainly on other bottom-living fishes (sand-eels, gobies, etc.), and also, to a lesser extent, on larger crustaceans and bivalves. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Spawning season is between April and August; pelagic eggs. May reach 25 kg (Ref. 9988). Highly esteemed food fish. Utilized fresh or frozen; eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Life cycle and mating behavior परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा
Spawning usually happens between the months of February and April in the Mediterranean and from May to July in the Atlantic. Sequenced spawning every 2-4 days. Eggs have a single fat drop. Larvae are initially symmetric but, at the end of the metamorphosis (day 40-50, 25 mm), the right eye moves to the left side, losing its initial bilateral symmetry. Egg size 0.9 - 1.2 mm, larval length at hatching 2.7-3.1 mm.
Main reference
Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 December 2020
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; जलीयकृषि: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां; जलजीवालय: सार्वजनिक लजीवालय
FAO(Aquaculture systems: production, species profile; मात्स्यिकी: production; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
अधिक जानकारी
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
भर्ती
बहुतायत
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
भर्ती
बहुतायत
Life cycle
पुनरुत्पत्ति
परिपक्व अवधि
Fecundity
मछलीऔ का अंडे देना
Spawning aggregations
अंडे
Egg development
लार्वा
लारवल गतिकी
पुनरुत्पत्ति
परिपक्व अवधि
Fecundity
मछलीऔ का अंडे देना
Spawning aggregations
अंडे
Egg development
लार्वा
लारवल गतिकी
Anatomy
गिल क्षेत्र
Brain
Otolith
गिल क्षेत्र
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
साधन
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 5.9 - 11.9, mean 9.4 (based on 239 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5645 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00922 - 0.01365), b=3.06 (3.00 - 3.12), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (Ref. 120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.15-0.28; tm=3-5; tmax=26; Fec=5 million).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High vulnerability (65 of 100).