Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser; süßwasser; brackwasser demersal; amphidrom (Ref. 46888). Tropical; 22°C - 29°C (Ref. 36880); 33°N - 5°S, 98°W - 35°W (Ref. 117424)
Western Central Atlantic: Southern Florida and southern Texas in USA to eastern Brazil. Eastern Central Atlantic: Macias Nguema (Fernando Po).
Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 11344); common length : 36.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 12193); max. veröff. Gewicht: 7.5 kg (Ref. 11344)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 7; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 9; Afterflossenstacheln: 1; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 9.
Adults occur in fresh water, often well inland. Found over sand streams, usually in current near cover (Ref. 86798). Inhabits larger free flowing clear water streams (Ref. 11225). They lie mostly on the bottom in slower moving part of streams, sometimes on logs or large stones and on leaf debris or gravel (Ref. 11225). A carnivorous and benthic fish that relies on its sluggish behavior and cryptic coloration (Ref. 36880). Feeds on all greater invertebrates and regularly also fish (Ref. 92840).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
CITES (Ref. 131153)
Not Evaluated
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerzielles potential
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 26.4 - 28.3, mean 27.5 (based on 395 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00434 - 0.01667), b=3.04 (2.86 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): sehr niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert mehr als 14 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).