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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Zoarces viviparus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Zoarces viviparus
Picture by Svensen, R.
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Picture by Svensen, R.
Denmark country information
Common names:
Ålekvabbe, Almindelig ålekvabbe
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen, 2000
Importance: subsistence fisheries | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: protected | Ref:
Uses: bait: yes;
Comments: Occurs in all the waters around Denmark. Specimens less than 230 mm are protected except for live ones used as bait. Gravid specimens, regardless the size, are protected in the period: 15. Sep. - 31. Jan. (Ref. 10963). Also Ref. 9900, 173.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/da.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlstrøm, 1989
National Database:
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen, 2000
Importance: subsistence fisheries | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: protected | Ref:
Uses: bait: yes;
Comments: Occurs in all the waters around Denmark. Specimens less than 230 mm are protected except for live ones used as bait. Gravid specimens, regardless the size, are protected in the period: 15. Sep. - 31. Jan. (Ref. 10963). Also Ref. 9900, 173.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/da.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlstrøm, 1989
National Database:
Common names from other countries
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Zoarcoidei (Eelpouts and pricklebacks) > Zoarcidae (Eelpouts) > Zoarcinae
Etymology: Zoarces: Greek, zoarkes, -es = that gives life (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Zoarces: Greek, zoarkes, -es = that gives life (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 0 - 40 m (Ref. 31184), usually 2 - 20 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 72°N - 49°N, 11°W - 52°E
Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Northeast Atlantic: White Sea, Cheshskaya Guba and Murmansk coast (Barents Sea) southward to English Channel (River Somme); eastern coasts of Scotland, England, also Irish Sea; the Orkneys, Shetlands and in shallow waters of North Sea and Baltic.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 17.0, range 16 - 18 cm
Max length : 52.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4695); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4695); max. published weight: 510.00 g (Ref. 6397); max. reported age: 10 years (Ref. 35388)
Max length : 52.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4695); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4695); max. published weight: 510.00 g (Ref. 6397); max. reported age: 10 years (Ref. 35388)
Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Bones are green due to harmless pigment. Skin slimy and variable color (Ref. 35388).
Inhabits rocky shores under stones, among algae and in tide pools, between tide marks down to 40 m. May remain out of water under rocks or seaweeds (Ref. 31184). Feeds on gastropods, chironomids, crustaceans, eggs and fry of fishes. Gives birth to live young (Ref. 9900). Bones colored green by the harmless pigment Vivianit (Ref. 4645). Breathes air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Mating takes place in August - September with internal fertilization of the eggs. Female give birth to 30-400 developed young (35-55mm) (Ref. 35388).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Fertilization occurs in August-September. Egg development lasts for one month. Total bearing time is five months (Ref. 6397).
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators
Andriashev, A.P., 1986. Zoarcidae. p. 1130-1150. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4695)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: public aquariums
FAO(Fisheries: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
More information
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Reproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Tools
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Internet sources
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7.3 - 11.3, mean 9.4 (based on 310 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00316 (0.00186 - 0.00539), b=3.13 (2.97 - 3.29), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.49 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tm=2; tmax=10; Fec=30; K=0.19-0.4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).