Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Bighead carp : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium

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相关物种
- 物种在
  Hypophthalmichthys
- 物种在
  Xenocyprididae
- - 分类 -
- Xenocyprididae
- Cypriniformes
- Teleostei
- Chordata
- Animalia

Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845)

Bighead carp

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Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
Picture by Ramani Shirantha

Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: not established
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 2000
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1997
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Has established in aquaculture through assisted/artificial reproduction but not in the wild (Ref. 1739). Important culture species with exportation of fry (Ref. 6300). First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1963 (Ref. 40297). Also Ref. 5193.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tw.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Liao, I.-C. and H.-C. Lia, 1989
National Database: The Fish Database of Taiwan

Common names from other countries

Carpe à grosse tête, Carpa cabezona, 鳙, ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Xenocyprididae (East Asian minnows)
Etymology: Hypophthalmichthys: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, ophthalmos = eye + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335); nobilis: nobilis, meaning noble (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Richardson.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

; 淡水; 半咸淡水底中水层性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - ? m (Ref. 59043). 溫帶; 1°C - 38°C (Ref. 120904); 34°N - 21°N, 101°E - 123°E (Ref. 121042)

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Asia: China. Introduced to numerous countries and has achieved a near global distribution. However, its breeding requirements are very specialized and stocks are maintained by artificial reproduction or continuous importation. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 1739). Often confused with Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Ref. 59043).
亞洲: 中國。引進了很多的國家而且已經達成一個接近全球的分布。然而，它的繁殖需求非常被特殊化，而且分枝是藉著人工繁殖或不斷的輸入維持。引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: L_m 64.2, range 55 - 70 cm
Max length : 146 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 59043); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2059); 最大体重: 40.0 kg (Ref. 59043); 最大年龄: 20 年 (Ref. 59043)

简单描述检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数) : 3; 背的软条 (总数) : 7; 臀棘: 1 - 3; 臀鳍软条: 12 - 14. Body with numerous scattered small black blotches. Keels extend from pelvic base to anus. Barbels absent. Posterior margin of last simple dorsal ray not serrated. Branched anal rays 13-14.5 (Ref. 13274). Differs from Hypophthalmichthys molitrix by having scaled keel from pelvic to anal, 240-300 long gill rakes, head length 27-35% SL, dark overall coloration, flank with dark, large, very irregularly shaped blotches, fin bases and inferior parts of head and belly yellowish (Ref. 59043).
身体有很多的分散小黑色的斑块。龙骨脊从腹鳍基底到肛门延伸。触须不存在。最后单一的背鳍鳍条的后缘不锯齿状的。分枝的臀鳍鳍条 13-14.5.(参考文献 13274)

In its natural environment, it occurs in rivers with marked water-level fluctuations, overwinters in middle and lower stretches. Forages in shallow (0.5-1.5 m deep) and warm (over 24°C) backwaters, lakes and flooded areas with slow current. Feeds on zooplankton throughout its life under natural conditions (Ref. 120904). Breeds in very deep, very turbid and warm water above 18°C (usually 22-30°C), with high current (1.1-1.9 m/s) and high oxygen concentrations. Stocked to large rivers and almost all still water bodies as lakes and ponds. In aquaculture, adults can survive brackish water (up to 7 ppt) when released into estuaries and coastal lakes. Feeds mainly on zooplankton, but also takes algae as food (Ref. 59043). Bottom feeding fish (Ref. 6459). Undertakes long distance upriver migration at start of a rapid flood and water-level increase (in April-July depending on locality). Spawns in upper water layer or even at surface during floods. Spawning ceases if conditions change and resumes again when water level increases. After spawning, adults migrate for foraging habitats, Larvae drift downstream and settle in floodplain lakes, shallow shores and backwaters with little or no current. During autumn-winter, when temperature drops to 10°C, juveniles and adults form separate large schools and migrate downstream to deeper places in main course of river to overwinter (Ref. 59043). Marketed fresh and frozen.

出现于河川与湖泊。主要吃浮游动物。底部摄取食物的鱼。 (参考文献 6459) 在市场上销售生鲜和冷冻。

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

Produces up to 100,000 eggs (Ref. 2059). Eggs are yellowish, transparent, and hatch after about 2 days at temperatures around 25°C while drifting downstream in the deep open-water layer (Ref. 59043). 亞洲: 中國。引進了很多的國家而且已經達成一個接近全球的分布。然而，它的繁殖需求非常被特殊化，而且分枝是藉著人工繁殖或不斷的輸入維持。引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Kottelat, M., 2001. Freshwater fishes of northern Vietnam. A preliminary check-list of the fishes known or expected to occur in northern Vietnam with comments on systematics and nomenclature. Environment and Social Development Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region. The World Bank. 123 p. (Ref. 44416)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

数据缺失 (DD) ; Date assessed: 02 September 2010

CITES (Ref. 131153)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

可能有害的

人类利用

渔业: 高经济性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆

FAO(Aquaculture systems: 产生, 物种外形; 渔业: 产生; publication : search) | FishSource | 周边海洋

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00841 - 0.01135), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

营养阶层 (Ref. 69278): 2.8 ±0.33 se; based on food items.

回复力 (Ref. 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=3-5; tmax=20; K=0.15-0.27; Fec=50,000-1 million).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (64 of 100).

价格分类 (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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