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Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845)
Bighead carp
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Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
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Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) country information
Common names:
[No common name]
Occurrence: not established
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 2000
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1997
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Has established in aquaculture through assisted/artificial reproduction but not in the wild (Ref. 1739). Important culture species with exportation of fry (Ref. 6300). First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1963 (Ref. 40297). Also Ref. 5193.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tw.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Liao, I.-C. and H.-C. Lia, 1989
National Database: The Fish Database of Taiwan
Occurrence: not established
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 2000
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1997
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Has established in aquaculture through assisted/artificial reproduction but not in the wild (Ref. 1739). Important culture species with exportation of fry (Ref. 6300). First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1963 (Ref. 40297). Also Ref. 5193.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tw.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Liao, I.-C. and H.-C. Lia, 1989
National Database: The Fish Database of Taiwan
Common names from other countries
Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Xenocyprididae (East Asian minnows)
Etymology: Hypophthalmichthys: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, ophthalmos = eye + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335); nobilis: nobilis, meaning noble (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Richardson.
Etymology: Hypophthalmichthys: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, ophthalmos = eye + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335); nobilis: nobilis, meaning noble (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Richardson.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie
; eau douce; saumâtre benthopélagique; potamodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 0 - ? m (Ref. 59043). Temperate; 1°C - 38°C (Ref. 120904); 34°N - 21°N, 101°E - 123°E (Ref. 121042)
Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Asia: China. Introduced to numerous countries and has achieved a near global distribution. However, its breeding requirements are very specialized and stocks are maintained by artificial reproduction or continuous importation. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 1739). Often confused with Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Ref. 59043).
Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm 64.2, range 55 - 70 cm
Max length : 146 cm SL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 59043); common length : 60.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 2059); poids max. publié: 40.0 kg (Ref. 59043); âge max. reporté: 20 années (Ref. 59043)
Max length : 146 cm SL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 59043); common length : 60.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 2059); poids max. publié: 40.0 kg (Ref. 59043); âge max. reporté: 20 années (Ref. 59043)
Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie
Épines dorsales (Total) : 3; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 7; Épines anales: 1 - 3; Rayons mous anaux: 12 - 14. Body with numerous scattered small black blotches. Keels extend from pelvic base to anus. Barbels absent. Posterior margin of last simple dorsal ray not serrated. Branched anal rays 13-14.5 (Ref. 13274). Differs from Hypophthalmichthys molitrix by having scaled keel from pelvic to anal, 240-300 long gill rakes, head length 27-35% SL, dark overall coloration, flank with dark, large, very irregularly shaped blotches, fin bases and inferior parts of head and belly yellowish (Ref. 59043).
In its natural environment, it occurs in rivers with marked water-level fluctuations, overwinters in middle and lower stretches. Forages in shallow (0.5-1.5 m deep) and warm (over 24°C) backwaters, lakes and flooded areas with slow current. Feeds on zooplankton throughout its life under natural conditions (Ref. 120904). Breeds in very deep, very turbid and warm water above 18°C (usually 22-30°C), with high current (1.1-1.9 m/s) and high oxygen concentrations. Stocked to large rivers and almost all still water bodies as lakes and ponds. In aquaculture, adults can survive brackish water (up to 7 ppt) when released into estuaries and coastal lakes. Feeds mainly on zooplankton, but also takes algae as food (Ref. 59043). Bottom feeding fish (Ref. 6459). Undertakes long distance upriver migration at start of a rapid flood and water-level increase (in April-July depending on locality). Spawns in upper water layer or even at surface during floods. Spawning ceases if conditions change and resumes again when water level increases. After spawning, adults migrate for foraging habitats, Larvae drift downstream and settle in floodplain lakes, shallow shores and backwaters with little or no current. During autumn-winter, when temperature drops to 10°C, juveniles and adults form separate large schools and migrate downstream to deeper places in main course of river to overwinter (Ref. 59043). Marketed fresh and frozen.
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Produces up to 100,000 eggs (Ref. 2059). Eggs are yellowish, transparent, and hatch after about 2 days at temperatures around 25°C while drifting downstream in the deep open-water layer (Ref. 59043).
Référence principale
Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur | Collaborateurs
Kottelat, M., 2001. Freshwater fishes of northern Vietnam. A preliminary check-list of the fishes known or expected to occur in northern Vietnam with comments on systematics and nomenclature. Environment and Social Development Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region. The World Bank. 123 p. (Ref. 44416)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Données manquantes (DD) ; Date assessed: 02 September 2010
Menace pour l'homme
Potential pest
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: hautement commercial; Aquaculture: commercial; pêche sportive: oui; Aquarium: Aquariums publics
FAO(Aquaculture systems: production, Résumé espèce; pêcheries: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Plus d'informations
Trophic ecology
Éléments du régime alimentaire
Composition du régime alimentaire
Consommation alimentaire
Food rations
Prédateurs
Éléments du régime alimentaire
Composition du régime alimentaire
Consommation alimentaire
Food rations
Prédateurs
Population dynamics
Paramètres de croissance
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Fréquences de longueurs
Mass conversion
Recrutement
Abondance
Paramètres de croissance
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Fréquences de longueurs
Mass conversion
Recrutement
Abondance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturité
Fécondité
Frai
Spawning aggregations
Œufs
Développement de l'œuf
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires
Reproduction
Maturité
Fécondité
Frai
Spawning aggregations
Œufs
Développement de l'œuf
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires
Anatomy
Surface branchiale
Brain
Otolith
Surface branchiale
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Consommation d'oxygène
Type de nage
Vitesse de nage
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Consommation d'oxygène
Type de nage
Vitesse de nage
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profils d'aquaculture
Souches
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Profils d'aquaculture
Souches
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outils
Bio-Quiz | E-book | Guide de terrain | Générateur de fréquences de longueur | Outil de dynamique de population | Carte par point | Classification Tree
| Catch-MSY |
Articles particuliers
Télécharger en XML
Sources Internet
Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(génôme, nucléotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Bases de données nationales | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Arbre de Vie | Wikipedia(aller à, chercher) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00841 - 0.01135), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278): 2.8 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Ref. 120179): Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (tm=3-5; tmax=20; K=0.15-0.27; Fec=50,000-1 million).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (64 of 100).