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Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pike-perch
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Pictures | Videos | Sounds | Stamps, coins, misc. | Google image
Sander lucioperca
Picture by Zienert, S.
Pictures | Videos | Sounds | Stamps, coins, misc. | Google image
Picture by Zienert, S.
Common names from other countries
Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi
; sötvatten; brackvatten pelagiska; flodvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 2 - 30 m (Ref. 30578), usually 2 - 3 m (Ref. 27368). Temperate; 6°C - 22°C (Ref. 2059); 67°N - 36°N, 1°W - 75°E
Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri
Europe and Asia: Caspian, Baltic, Black and Aral Sea basins; Elbe (North Sea basin) and Maritza (Aegean basin) drainages. North to about 65° N in Finland. Introduced widely (Ref. 59043). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 1739).
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm 37.2, range 28 - 46 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 59043); common length : 50.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 556); publicerad maxvikt: 20.0 kg (Ref. 40476); rapporterad maxålder: 17 år (Ref. 59043)
Max length : 100.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 59043); common length : 50.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 556); publicerad maxvikt: 20.0 kg (Ref. 40476); rapporterad maxålder: 17 år (Ref. 59043)
Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 13 - 20; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 18 - 24; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 2 - 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 10 - 14; Ryggkotor: 45 - 47. Distinguished from congeners in Europe by the following combination of characters: 1-2 enlarged canine teeth in anterior part of each jaw; second dorsal fin with 18-22½ branched rays; and 80-97 scales on lateral line (Ref. 59043).
Adults inhabit large, turbid rivers and eutrophic lakes, brackish coastal lakes and estuaries. Feed mainly on gregarious, pelagic fishes. They attain first sexual maturity at 3-10 years of age, usually at 4. Undertake short spawning migrations. Individuals foraging in brackish water move to freshwater habitats. Migrations up to 250 km have been recorded. Homing is well developed, even nearby populations may be relatively isolated. Spawn in pairs at dawn or night. Spawning occurs in April-May, exceptional from late February until July, depending on latitude and altitude when temperatures reach 10-14° C on spawning grounds (Ref. 59043). Popularly fished by sport fishers. Its flesh is succulent (Ref. 30578). Utilized fresh or frozen and eaten steamed, broiled and microwaved (Ref. 9988). An individual weighing 19 kg was reportedly caught in 1959 in Starnberger, Bavaria, Germany (Peter Admicka, pers. Comm. E-mail: peter.adamicka@oeaw.ac.at).
Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
The spawning places are over gravel in moving water (Ref. 205). "Males are territorial and excavate shallow depressions about 50 cm in diameter and 5-10 cm deep in sand or gravel, or among exposed plant roots on which eggs are deposited, usually in turbid water and at 1-3 m depth. Spawn in pairs, at dawn or night. The female remains over the nest while the male circles rapidly around, at about 1 meter from the nest. Then male takes a vertical orientation and both swim around swiftly, and eggs and sperm are released, The female leaves the nest after all eggs are released. The male defends the nest and fans the eggs with his pectorals. Females spawn once a year, laying all the eggs at one time (Ref. 88075). Feeding larvae are positively phototactic and feed on pelagic organisms after they leave the nest for open water" (Ref. 59043).
Main reference
Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell; Vattenbruk: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
FAO(Aquaculture systems: produktion, species profile; fiskeri: produktion, species profile; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Ytterligare information
Population dynamics
Tillväxtparametrar
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Rekrytering
Abundans
Tillväxtparametrar
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Rekrytering
Abundans
Life cycle
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Fecundity
Lek
Spawning aggregations
Ägg
Egg development
Larver
Larvdynamik
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Fecundity
Lek
Spawning aggregations
Ägg
Egg development
Larver
Larvdynamik
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Syreförbrukning
Swimming type
Simhastighet
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Syreförbrukning
Swimming type
Simhastighet
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Verktyg
Bio-Quiz | E-book | Fälthandbok | Bestämningsnycklar | Längdfördelnings-verktyg | Livshistorie-verktyg | Prickkarta | Classification Tree
| Catch-MSY |
Special reports
Download XML
Internet-källor
Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Nationella databaser | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Offentliga akvarier | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(Go, sök) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00495 - 0.00700), b=3.12 (3.07 - 3.17), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.78 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.10-0.24; tmax=16; Fecundity=10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (62 of 100).