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Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pike-perch
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Pictures | Videos | Sounds | Stamps, coins, misc. | Google image
Sander lucioperca
Picture by Zienert, S.
Pictures | Videos | Sounds | Stamps, coins, misc. | Google image
Picture by Zienert, S.
Belgium country information
Common names:
Sandre
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Naturalized in Flanders (Ref. 79522).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/be.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Blanc, M., J.-L. Gaudet, P. Banarescu and J.-C. Hureau, 1971
National Database:
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Naturalized in Flanders (Ref. 79522).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/be.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Blanc, M., J.-L. Gaudet, P. Banarescu and J.-C. Hureau, 1971
National Database:
Common names from other countries
Classification / Names ຊື່ສາມັນ | ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ | Catalog of Fishes(ຕະກຸນ, ຊະນິດ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
; ນ້ຳຈືດ; ນ້ຳກ່ອຍ ກ່ຽວກັບ (ຢູ່) ໄກ້ໜ້ານ້ຳໃນທະເລເປີດ; ກຸ່ມຫຼືຊະນິດປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍພາຍໃນນ້ຳຈືດ (Ref. 51243); ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 2 - 30 m (Ref. 30578), usually 2 - 3 m (Ref. 27368). Temperate; 6°C - 22°C (Ref. 2059); 67°N - 36°N, 1°W - 75°E
ການແຜ່ກະຈາຍ ປະເທດ | ເຂດ FAO | ລະບົບນິເວດ | ການປະກົດຕົວ | Point map | ການແນະນຳ | Faunafri
Europe and Asia: Caspian, Baltic, Black and Aral Sea basins; Elbe (North Sea basin) and Maritza (Aegean basin) drainages. North to about 65° N in Finland. Introduced widely (Ref. 59043). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 1739).
Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm 37.2, range 28 - 46 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 59043); common length : 50.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 556); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 20.0 kg (Ref. 40476); ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 17 ປີ (Ref. 59043)
Max length : 100.0 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 59043); common length : 50.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 556); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 20.0 kg (Ref. 40476); ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 17 ປີ (Ref. 59043)
Short description ຕົວທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການຈຳແນກຊະນິດ | ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ | ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 13 - 20; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 18 - 24; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 2 - 3; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 10 - 14; ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫຼັງ: 45 - 47. Distinguished from congeners in Europe by the following combination of characters: 1-2 enlarged canine teeth in anterior part of each jaw; second dorsal fin with 18-22½ branched rays; and 80-97 scales on lateral line (Ref. 59043).
Adults inhabit large, turbid rivers and eutrophic lakes, brackish coastal lakes and estuaries. Feed mainly on gregarious, pelagic fishes. They attain first sexual maturity at 3-10 years of age, usually at 4. Undertake short spawning migrations. Individuals foraging in brackish water move to freshwater habitats. Migrations up to 250 km have been recorded. Homing is well developed, even nearby populations may be relatively isolated. Spawn in pairs at dawn or night. Spawning occurs in April-May, exceptional from late February until July, depending on latitude and altitude when temperatures reach 10-14° C on spawning grounds (Ref. 59043). Popularly fished by sport fishers. Its flesh is succulent (Ref. 30578). Utilized fresh or frozen and eaten steamed, broiled and microwaved (Ref. 9988). An individual weighing 19 kg was reportedly caught in 1959 in Starnberger, Bavaria, Germany (Peter Admicka, pers. Comm. E-mail: peter.adamicka@oeaw.ac.at).
Life cycle and mating behavior ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
The spawning places are over gravel in moving water (Ref. 205). "Males are territorial and excavate shallow depressions about 50 cm in diameter and 5-10 cm deep in sand or gravel, or among exposed plant roots on which eggs are deposited, usually in turbid water and at 1-3 m depth. Spawn in pairs, at dawn or night. The female remains over the nest while the male circles rapidly around, at about 1 meter from the nest. Then male takes a vertical orientation and both swim around swiftly, and eggs and sperm are released, The female leaves the nest after all eggs are released. The male defends the nest and fans the eggs with his pectorals. Females spawn once a year, laying all the eggs at one time (Ref. 88075). Feeding larvae are positively phototactic and feed on pelagic organisms after they leave the nest for open water" (Ref. 59043).
Main reference
Upload your references | ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | ຜູ້ປະສານງານ | ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ; ການລ້ຽງສັດນ້ຳ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ; ຊະນິດປາທີ່ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຫາເພື່ອເປັນເກມກິລາ: ແມ່ນ; ຕູ້ປາ: ບ່ອນວາງສະແດງສັນນ້ຳຂອງລັດ
FAO(Aquaculture systems: ຜົນຜະລິດ, species profile; ການປະມົງ: ຜົນຜະລິດ, species profile; publication : search) | FishSource | ທະເລອ້ອມຂ້າງພວກເຮົາ
ຂໍ້ມູນຕື່ມອີກ
Population dynamics
ຕົວວັດແທກການເຕີບໃຫຍ່
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
ການທົດແທນທີ່
ຄວາມອຸດົມສົມບູນ
ຕົວວັດແທກການເຕີບໃຫຍ່
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
ການທົດແທນທີ່
ຄວາມອຸດົມສົມບູນ
Life cycle
ການສືບພັນ
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ
ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ
ການວາງໄຂ່
Spawning aggregations
ໄຂ່
Egg development
ຕົວອ່ອນ
ການປ່ຽນແປງຂອງຕົວອ່ອນ
ການສືບພັນ
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ
ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ
ການວາງໄຂ່
Spawning aggregations
ໄຂ່
Egg development
ຕົວອ່ອນ
ການປ່ຽນແປງຂອງຕົວອ່ອນ
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
ການບໍລິໂພກອົກຊີເຈນ
ປະເພດການລອຍ
ຄວາມໄວໃນການລອຍ
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
ການບໍລິໂພກອົກຊີເຈນ
ປະເພດການລອຍ
ຄວາມໄວໃນການລອຍ
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
ເຄື່ອງມື
Bio-Quiz | E-book | ຄູ່ມືພາກສະໜາມ | ຕົວທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການຈຳແນກຊະນິດ | ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງຄວາມຍາວປາ | ເຄື່ອງມືຂອງຊີວະປະຫວັດທາງດ້ານຊີວິດ | ຈຸດໃດໜຶ່ງທີ່ສະແດງອອກໃນແຜນທີ່ (ພ້ອມທັງສະແດງຂໍ້ມູນເພີ້ນເຕີມ) | Classification Tree
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Special reports
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(ຕະກຸນ, ຊະນິດ) | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | ຖານຂໍ້ມູນແຫ່ງຊາດ | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | ບ່ອນວາງສະແດງສັນນ້ຳຂອງລັດ | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | ແຜນທີ່ສະແດງກິ່ງງ່າຂອງເຊື້ອຕະກຸນປາ, ສັດ ຈາກບັນພະບູລຸດຈົນເຖິງຫລານ | Wikipedia(Go, ຊອກຫາ) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | ການບັນທຶກດ້ານສັດວິທະຍາ
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00495 - 0.00700), b=3.12 (3.07 - 3.17), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.78 se; based on food items.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref. 120179): ຕຳ່, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 4.5 - 14 ປີ (K=0.10-0.24; tmax=16; Fecundity=10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (62 of 100).