Australia country information

Common names: Callop, Freshwater bream, Golden perch
Occurrence: endemic
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Importance: commercial | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: Kibria, G., P. Lam, R. Fairclough and D. Nugegoda, 1997
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Distributed throughout the Murray-Darling river system, except for those streams at altitudes higher than about 600 m. The northern limit of the species' natural distribution is the headwaters of the Georgina River (Ref. 2906). Golden perch also inhabit rivers in the eastern Lake Eyre and Bulloo drainages, the Dawson-Fitzroy river system in south-eastern Queensland and in many of the floodplain lakes of western Victoria and New South Wales. They have been stocked in farm dams and reservoirs outside of their natural range (Ref. 27439). Stock structure: Genetic data from a study (Ref. 27444) indicate that Macquaria ambigua is most probably composed of two different species, with each species comprising two distinct subspecies. Because the type material for M. ambigua is recorded only from localities within the Murray-Darling basin (Ref. 7300), golden perch from central Australia must be regarded as a new species. Until this new species is described formally, it will be referred to as the 'central Australian form of M. ambigua (Ref. 27444). Furthermore, this 'central Australian form' of M. ambigua comprises two subspecies - each from Lake Eyre drainage and Bulloo River. M. ambigua oriens is a subspecies of M. ambigua, from the Fitzroy River (Ref. 27444). Commercial fishery: Golden perch have been part of the catch from the inland fishery since its inception in the mid to late 1800s (Ref. 27446). In the early 1900s they constituted about 25% of the catch, of which the rest was Murray cod, Maccullochella peeli peeli (Ref. 27446). With the decline in Murray cod numbers, golden perch has become the dominant native species in inland catches. The inland fishery is centred on the lower reaches of the Murrumbidgee, Lachlan and Murray rivers and associated floodplain lakes in New South Wales and South Australia. Fishers also work in Lake Albert and Lake Alexandrina in South Australia and lakes and backwaters associated with the Darling River in New South Wales (Ref. 27447, 26403). The fishery is opportunistic, i.e. it operates in response to seasonal flooding. Drum nets and gillnets are used to catch golden perch. Drum nets are the favoured method in rivers. They are checked twice daily when fish are running, less frequently at other times (Ref. 27448). Gillnets are used in the lake fishery and in slow flowing backwaters. The fishery targets adult fish. The catch is strictly for domestic markets and is sold locally (Ref. 27447), or as wet, gutted fish through the Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide fish markets. Recreational fishery: Golden perch are taken by anglers throughout their natural range. Most effort centres on impoundments throughout southeastern Australia that have been artificially stocked. Fishing effort is heaviest in the spring and summer months. In rivers, effort increases during flooding when fish begin to migrate. Large numbers of fish may accumulate below weirs and barriers when migrating and so become easy targets for anglers. Golden perch are caught using handlines, rod-and-line or set lines. Artificial lures have been used but live baits such as worms, yabbies (Cherax species), 'bardi grubs' (burrowing moth and beetle larvae - Lepidoptera) and small fish are more successful. A creel survey of catch in a New South Wales reservoir in 1981-82 estimated a recreational catch of 50 t, equal to 13% of the commercial catch for that year (Ref. 27439). This suggests that the recreational catch is significant. The largest golden perch in the records of the Australian Anglers Association is a 7000 g fish taken in New South Wales in 1975. Resource status: Catches of golden perch fluctuate widely, and abundance is thought to be related to flooding (Ref. 26403). Construction of dams and weirs throughout the Murray-Darling river system has altered both flow and thermal regimes. Changes induced by such barriers in the Murray River flooding regime may also affect catch sizes. Furthermore, because golden perch move extensively, high barriers without facilities for fish passage limit the amount of river available to them. While catches remain good, the range and abundance of golden perch has declined since European settlement (Ref. 27450). Illegal use of drum nets and gillnets in remote western rivers is a major management problem. Also Ref. 2156, 44894.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

澳洲金鲈, 圆尾麦氏鲈, 黄腹驼背鳜, ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Centrarchiformes (Basses) > Percichthyidae (Temperate perches)
More on author: Richardson.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

; 淡水居于水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 27439). 亞熱帶的; 10°C - 30°C (Ref. 2060); 19°S - 38°S

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Oceania: Australia, Murray-Darling system (except in higher tributaries), Dawson-Fitzroy system of southeastern Queensland. Also in Lake Eyre and Bulloo River drainages and floodplain lakes of Western Victoria and New South Wales. Widely introduced to other coastal systems of Queensland and New South Wales.
大洋洲: 澳洲，墨累－達令流域 (除了較高的支流), 昆士蘭東南部的道生-Fitzroy 系統。也在愛麗湖與西方維多利亞的 Bulloo 河流域與洪泛區湖與新南威爾斯。廣泛地引進了昆士蘭省與新南威爾斯的其他海岸系統。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: L_m 45.0, range 40 - 50 cm
Max length : 76.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 44894); common length : 45.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5259); 最大体重: 24.0 kg (Ref. 6390); 最大年龄: 20 年 (Ref. 6390)

Golden perch live throughout the river systems, from the clear, fast flowing upper reaches to the turbid, slow flowing lower reaches and associated billabongs and backwaters. They favor deep pools with plenty of cover from fallen timber, rocky ledges or undercut banks (Ref. 27439, 44894). Prefer warm, slow-moving, turbid sections of streams. Also occur in flooded lakes, backwaters and impoundments. Tolerant of temperatures between 4° and 35°C and high salinity levels (up to 35 p.p.t.). Solitary species (Ref. 44894). Their diet is dominated by yabbies (Cherax destructor), and a variety of fish species (Ref. 27439). Juveniles disperse throughout the floodplain to find food and cover (Ref. 27440). They feed on abundant zooplankton on recently inundated floodplains (Ref. 6390, 44894). Adults feed on fishes, mollusks and crayfish (Ref. 44894). Spawn from early spring to late autumn. Golden perch is Australia's most migratory freshwater fish species (Ref. 6390). Spawn in flooded backwaters near the surface at night after heavy spring and summer rains. Usually a long upstream spawning migration is undertaken (movements of 2000 kilometers by tagged fish have been documented). Eggs float near the surface and hatch in 24-36 hours. Males mature after 2-3 years (20-30 centimeters), females after 4 years (40 centimeters) (Ref. 44894). They are being reared by private and government hatcheries in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland (Ref. 27552) and the fry and fingerlings produced from these hatcheries are stocked in public waters and farm dams (Ref. 26869).

金鲈鱼在河流域各处生活, 从清澈的, 快速的流动上游到混浊的, 慢的流动下游与相连的死水潭与洄水区。他们喜欢深水池有丰富的来自落下来的木材, 岩石的岩架或堤岸下的表面.(参考文献 27439,44894) 偏爱溪流的温暖的, 缓慢移动的, 混浊部分。也生活于被水淹没的湖，洄水区与圈围水域中。宽容的在 4个 ° 与 35 °C 与高的盐度之间的温度 (向上到 35 p.p.t.)。一种独居性种.(参考文献 44894) 他们的食性被小形螫虾 ( Cherax 破坏者 ),與多種魚種控制。 (參考文獻 27439) 稚魚在洪泛區各處分散尋找食物而且覆蓋。 (參考文獻 27440) 他們在最近浸水的洪泛區上吃豐富的浮游動物。 (參考文獻 6390,44894) 成魚吃魚，軟體動物與小龍蝦。 (參考文獻 44894) 從初春到秋季末產卵。金鱸魚是澳洲的最迴游的淡水魚種。 (參考文獻 6390) 產卵在重的春天與夏天雨後的被水淹沒的洄水區晚上接近水表面處。通常一長的向上游產卵遷移被開始.(有標籤魚的 2000 公里的運動曾經証明) 卵飄浮接近水表面而且孵化在 2436 小時的。雄性在 2-3 年 (20-30個公分) 之後成熟, 在 4 年 (40個公分) 之後的雌性.(參考文獻 44894) 他們被在維多利亞, 新南威爾斯被私人的與政府孵卵所後面，而且從這些孵卵所生產的昆士蘭省 (參考文獻 27552) 與魚苗與魚苗在公眾的水域與農場水壩被進貨。 (參考文獻 26869)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

Under favourable conditions female golden perch are capable of spawning more than once a season (Ref. 27439). However, without suitable environmental cues they may fail to breed in season, with the eggs being resorbed (Ref. 27439). Spawning period is from early spring to late autumn (Ref. 6390). They commonly spawn at night (Ref. 6390).大洋洲: 澳洲，墨累－達令流域 (除了較高的支流), 昆士蘭東南部的道生-Fitzroy 系統。也在愛麗湖與西方維多利亞的 Bulloo 河流域與洪泛區湖與新南威爾斯。廣泛地引進了昆士蘭省與新南威爾斯的其他海岸系統。

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Arratia, Gloria | 合作者

Allen, G.R., 1989. Freshwater fishes of Australia. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 5259)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 February 2019

CITES (Ref. 131153)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

无害处的

人类利用

渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.00677 - 0.04463), b=3.06 (2.83 - 3.29), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

营养阶层 (Ref. 69278): 3.7 ±0.57 se; based on food items.

回复力 (Ref. 120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tm=2-5; tmax=20).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).

价格分类 (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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Macquaria ambigua (Richardson, 1845)