| Scientific Name | Author | English Name |
|---|---|---|
| Acnodon normani | Gosline, 1951 | Sheep-pacu |
| Acnodon oligacanthus | (Müller & Troschel, 1844) | |
| Acnodon senai | Jégu & Santos, 1990 | |
| Catoprion mento | (Cuvier, 1819) | Wimple piranha |
| Colossoma macropomum | (Cuvier, 1816) | Cachama |
| Metynnis altidorsalis | Ahl, 1923 | |
| Metynnis argenteus | Ahl, 1923 | |
| Metynnis cuiaba | Pavanelli, Ota & Petry, 2009 | |
| Metynnis fasciatus | Ahl, 1931 | |
| Metynnis guaporensis | Eigenmann, 1915 | |
| Metynnis hypsauchen | (Müller & Troschel, 1844) | Silver dollar |
| Metynnis lippincottianus | (Cope, 1870) | |
| Metynnis longipinnis | Zarske & Géry, 2008 | |
| Metynnis luna | Cope, 1878 | |
| Metynnis maculatus | (Kner, 1858) | Spotted metynnis |
| Metynnis mola | Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 | |
| Metynnis orinocensis | (Steindachner, 1908) | |
| Metynnis otuquensis | Ahl, 1923 | |
| Metynnis polystictus | Zarske & Géry, 2008 | |
| Mylesinus paraschomburgkii | Jégu, Santos & Ferreira, 1989 | |
| Mylesinus paucisquamatus | Jégu & Santos, 1988 | |
| Mylesinus schomburgkii | Valenciennes, 1850 | |
| Myleus altipinnis | (Valenciennes, 1850) | |
| Myleus knerii | (Steindachner, 1881) | |
| Myleus latus | (Jardine, 1841) | |
| Myleus micans | (Lütken, 1875) | |
| Myleus pacu | (Jardine, 1841) | |
| Myleus setiger | Müller & Troschel, 1844 | |
| Myloplus arnoldi | Ahl, 1936 | |
| Myloplus asterias | (Müller & Troschel, 1844) | |
| Myloplus levis | (Eigenmann & McAtee, 1907) | |
| Myloplus lobatus | (Valenciennes, 1850) | |
| Myloplus lucienae | Andrade, Ota, Bastos & Jégu, 2016 | |
| Myloplus nigrolineatus | Ota, Machado, Andrade, Collins, Farias & Hrbek, 2020 | Blackline myleus |
| Myloplus planquettei | Jégu, Keith & Le Bail, 2003 | |
| Myloplus rubripinnis | (Müller & Troschel, 1844) | Redhook myleus |
| Myloplus schomburgkii | (Jardine, 1841) | Disk tetra |
| Myloplus ternetzi | (Norman, 1929) | |
| Myloplus tiete | (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) | |
| Myloplus torquatus | (Kner, 1858) | |
| Myloplus zorroi | Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo, 2016 | |
| Mylossoma acanthogaster | (Valenciennes, 1850) | |
| Mylossoma albiscopum | (Cope, 1872) | |
| Mylossoma aureum | (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) | |
| Mylossoma duriventre | (Cuvier, 1818) | |
| Mylossoma unimaculatum | (Steindachner, 1908) | |
| Ossubtus xinguense | Jégu, 1992 | |
| Piaractus brachypomus | (Cuvier, 1818) | Pirapitinga |
| Piaractus mesopotamicus | (Holmberg, 1887) | Pacu |
| Piaractus orinoquensis | Escobar L., Ota, Machado-Allison, Andrade-López, Farias & Hrbek, 2019 | |
| Pristobrycon aureus | (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) | |
| Pristobrycon calmoni | (Steindachner, 1908) | |
| Pristobrycon careospinus | Fink & Machado-Allison, 1992 | |
| Pristobrycon maculipinnis | Fink & Machado-Allison, 1992 | |
| Pristobrycon striolatus | (Steindachner, 1908) | |
| Prosomyleus rhomboidalis | (Cuvier, 1818) | |
| Pygocentrus cariba | (Humboldt, 1821) | Black spot piranha |
| Pygocentrus nattereri | Kner, 1858 | Red piranha |
| Pygocentrus palometa | Valenciennes, 1850 | |
| Pygocentrus piraya | (Cuvier, 1819) | San Francisco piranha |
| Pygopristis denticulata | (Cuvier, 1819) | Lobetoothed piranha |
| Serrasalmus altispinis | Merckx, Jégu & Santos, 2000 | |
| Serrasalmus altuvei | Ramírez, 1965 | |
| Serrasalmus auriventris | (Burmeister, 1861) | |
| Serrasalmus brandtii | Lütken, 1875 | White piranha |
| Serrasalmus compressus | Jégu, Leão & Santos, 1991 | |
| Serrasalmus eigenmanni | Norman, 1929 | |
| Serrasalmus elongatus | Kner, 1858 | Slender piranha |
| Serrasalmus emarginatus | (Jardine, 1841) | |
| Serrasalmus geryi | Jégu & Santos, 1988 | |
| Serrasalmus gibbus | Castelnau, 1855 | |
| Serrasalmus gouldingi | Fink & Machado-Allison, 1992 | |
| Serrasalmus hastatus | Fink & Machado-Allison, 2001 | |
| Serrasalmus hollandi | Eigenmann, 1915 | |
| Serrasalmus humeralis | Valenciennes, 1850 | Pirambeba |
| Serrasalmus irritans | Peters, 1877 | |
| Serrasalmus maculatus | Kner, 1858 | |
| Serrasalmus manueli | (Fernández-Yépez & Ramírez, 1967) | |
| Serrasalmus marginatus | Valenciennes, 1837 | |
| Serrasalmus medinai | Ramírez, 1965 | |
| Serrasalmus nalseni | Fernández-Yépez, 1969 | |
| Serrasalmus neveriensis | Machado-Allison, Fink, López Rojas & Rodenas, 1993 | |
| Serrasalmus nigricans | Spix & Agassiz, 1829 | |
| Serrasalmus nigricauda | (Burmeister, 1861) | |
| Serrasalmus odyssei | Hubert & Renno, 2010 | |
| Serrasalmus rhombeus | (Linnaeus, 1766) | Redeye piranha |
| Serrasalmus sanchezi | Géry, 1964 | |
| Serrasalmus scotopterus | (Jardine, 1841) | |
| Serrasalmus serrulatus | (Valenciennes, 1850) | |
| Serrasalmus spilopleura | Kner, 1858 | Speckled piranha |
| Serrasalmus stagnatilis | (Jardine, 1841) | |
| Serrasalmus undulatus | (Jardine, 1841) | |
| Tometes ancylorhynchus | Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo, 2016 | |
| Tometes camunani | Andrade, Giarrizzo & Jégu, 2013 | |
| Tometes kranponhah | Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo, 2016 | |
| Tometes lebaili | Jégu, Keith & Belmont-Jégu, 2002 | |
| Tometes makue | Jégu, Santos & Belmont-Jégu, 2002 | |
| Tometes siderocarajensis | Andrade, Machado, Jégu, Farias & Giarrizzo, 2017 | |
| Tometes trilobatus | Valenciennes, 1850 | |
| Utiaritichthys esguiceroi | Pereira & Castro, 2014 | |
| Utiaritichthys longidorsalis | Jégu, Tito de Morais & Santos, 1992 | |
| Utiaritichthys sennaebragai | Miranda Ribeiro, 1937 |