| Scientific Name | Author | English Name |
|---|---|---|
| Acanthurus achilles | Shaw, 1803 | Achilles tang |
| Acanthurus albimento | Carpenter, Williams & Santos, 2017 | Whitechin surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus albipectoralis | Allen & Ayling, 1987 | Whitefin surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus auranticavus | Randall, 1956 | Orange-socket surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus bahianus | Castelnau, 1855 | Barber surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus bariene | Lesson, 1831 | Black-spot surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus blochii | Valenciennes, 1835 | Ringtail surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus chirurgus | (Bloch, 1787) | Doctorfish |
| Acanthurus chronixis | Randall, 1960 | Chronixis surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus coeruleus | Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | Blue tang surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus dussumieri | Valenciennes, 1835 | Eyestripe surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus fowleri | de Beaufort, 1951 | Fowler's surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus gahhm | (Forsskål, 1775) | Black surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus grammoptilus | Richardson, 1843 | Finelined surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus guttatus | Forster, 1801 | Whitespotted surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus japonicus | (Schmidt, 1931) | Japan surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus leucocheilus | Herre, 1927 | Palelipped surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus leucopareius | (Jenkins, 1903) | Whitebar surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus leucosternon | Bennett, 1833 | Powderblue surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus lineatus | (Linnaeus, 1758) | Lined surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus maculiceps | (Ahl, 1923) | White-freckled surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus mata | (Cuvier, 1829) | Elongate surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus monroviae | Steindachner, 1876 | Monrovia doctorfish |
| Acanthurus nigricans | (Linnaeus, 1758) | Whitecheek surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus nigricauda | Duncker & Mohr, 1929 | Epaulette surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus nigrofuscus | (Forsskål, 1775) | Brown surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus nigroris | Valenciennes, 1835 | Bluelined surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus nubilus | (Fowler & Bean, 1929) | Bluelined surgeon |
| Acanthurus olivaceus | Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | Orangespot surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus polyzona | (Bleeker, 1868) | Black-barred surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus pyroferus | Kittlitz, 1834 | Mimic surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus randalli | Briggs & Caldwell, 1957 | Gulf surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus reversus | Randall & Earle, 1999 | |
| Acanthurus sohal | (Forsskål, 1775) | Sohal surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus tennentii | Günther, 1861 | Doubleband surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus thompsoni | (Fowler, 1923) | Thompson's surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus tractus | Poey, 1860 | Ocean surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus triostegus | (Linnaeus, 1758) | Convict surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus tristis | Randall, 1993 | Indian Ocean mimic surgeonfish |
| Acanthurus xanthopterus | Valenciennes, 1835 | Yellowfin surgeonfish |
| Ctenochaetus binotatus | Randall, 1955 | Twospot surgeonfish |
| Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus | Randall & Clements, 2001 | Short-tail bristle-tooth |
| Ctenochaetus flavicauda | Fowler, 1938 | |
| Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis | Randall, 1955 | Chevron tang |
| Ctenochaetus marginatus | (Valenciennes, 1835) | Striped-fin surgeonfish |
| Ctenochaetus striatus | (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) | Striated surgeonfish |
| Ctenochaetus strigosus | (Bennett, 1828) | Spotted surgeonfish |
| Ctenochaetus tominiensis | Randall, 1955 | Tomini surgeonfish |
| Ctenochaetus truncatus | Randall & Clements, 2001 | Indian gold-ring bristle-tooth |
| Naso annulatus | (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) | Whitemargin unicornfish |
| Naso brachycentron | (Valenciennes, 1835) | Humpback unicornfish |
| Naso brevirostris | (Cuvier, 1829) | Spotted unicornfish |
| Naso caeruleacauda | Randall, 1994 | Blue unicorn |
| Naso caesius | Randall & Bell, 1992 | Gray unicornfish |
| Naso elegans | (Rüppell, 1829) | Elegant unicornfish |
| Naso fageni | Morrow, 1954 | Horseface unicornfish |
| Naso hexacanthus | (Bleeker, 1855) | Sleek unicornfish |
| Naso lituratus | (Forster, 1801) | Orangespine unicornfish |
| Naso lopezi | Herre, 1927 | Elongate unicornfish |
| Naso maculatus | Randall & Struhsaker, 1981 | Scribbled unicornfish |
| Naso mcdadei | Johnson, 2002 | Squarenose unicornfish |
| Naso minor | (Smith, 1966) | Slender unicorn |
| Naso reticulatus | Randall, 2001 | Reticulate unicornfish |
| Naso tergus | Ho, Shen & Chang, 2011 | |
| Naso thynnoides | (Cuvier, 1829) | Oneknife unicornfish |
| Naso tonganus | (Valenciennes, 1835) | Bulbnose unicornfish |
| Naso tuberosus | Lacepède, 1801 | Humpnose unicornfish |
| Naso unicornis | (Forsskål, 1775) | Bluespine unicornfish |
| Naso vlamingii | (Valenciennes, 1835) | Bignose unicornfish |
| Paracanthurus hepatus | (Linnaeus, 1766) | Palette surgeonfish |
| Prionurus biafraensis | (Blache & Rossignol, 1962) | Biafra doctorfish |
| Prionurus chrysurus | Randall, 2001 | Indonesian sawtail |
| Prionurus laticlavius | (Valenciennes, 1846) | Razor surgeonfish |
| Prionurus maculatus | Ogilby, 1887 | Yellowspotted sawtail |
| Prionurus microlepidotus | Lacepède, 1804 | Sixplate sawtail |
| Prionurus punctatus | Gill, 1862 | Yellowtail surgeonfish |
| Prionurus scalprum | Valenciennes, 1835 | Scalpel sawtail |
| Zebrasoma desjardinii | (Bennett, 1836) | Indian sail-fin surgeonfish |
| Zebrasoma flavescens | (Bennett, 1828) | Yellow tang |
| Zebrasoma gemmatum | (Valenciennes, 1835) | Spotted tang |
| Zebrasoma rostratum | (Günther, 1875) | Longnose surgeonfish |
| Zebrasoma scopas | (Cuvier, 1829) | Twotone tang |
| Zebrasoma velifer | (Bloch, 1795) | Sailfin tang |
| Zebrasoma xanthurum | (Blyth, 1852) | Yellowtail tang |