Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque, 1810
Luvar
Luvarus imperialis
photo by Sacristan, C.

Family:  Luvaridae (Louvar)
Max. size:  200 cm TL (male/unsexed); max.weight: 150 kg
Environment:  pelagic-oceanic; marine; depth range 0 - 200 m, oceanodromous
Distribution:  Atlantic, Indian and Pacific: in temperate and tropical waters (Ref. 47377). Western Atlantic: USA and eastern Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 7251). Eastern Atlantic: Bergen, Norway to Madeira and near the Azores, including western Mediterranean; west of Cape Point, South Africa (Ref. 6657). Western Pacific: Japan, Australia, and New Zealand (Ref. 5755). Eastern Pacific: Oregon, USA to Chile (Ref. 2850).
Diagnosis:  Dorsal soft rays (total): 20-20; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 18-18; Vertebrae: 22-22. Absence of dorsal and anal spines and of pelvic fins contribute to streamlining of the body, as does the flat and relatively consolidated opercular spines (Ref. 11017, p. 74).
Biology:  Oceanic and epipelagic; found near surface or in deep water (Ref. 10821). Apparently solitary (Ref. 9314). Feed mainly on jellyfishes, ctenophores, and other gelatinous planktonic animals (Ref. 2850, 6885). Spawning starts at the end of spring and during the summer (Ref. 9314). Juveniles unlike adults in that the median fins are longer and further forward, the mouth toothed and the body and fins black-spotted (Ref. 6517). Rarely found in markets (Ref. 9314).
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 13 July 2012 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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