| Family: |
Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps), subfamily: Torinae |
| Max. size: |
50 cm FL (male/unsexed); max.weight: 7,837.0 g; max. reported age: 12 years |
| Environment: |
benthopelagic; freshwater, potamodromous |
| Distribution: |
Africa: originally endemic to the Orange-Vaal River system, South Africa. Has been introduced into the Gouritz River, South Cape and the Olifants River, Limpopo River system where it is now established. |
| Diagnosis: |
Dorsal spines (total): 4-4; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7-9; Anal spines: 3-3; Anal soft rays: 5-5 |
| Biology: |
Occurs in impoundments and rivers. Prefers clear-flowing waters over sandy or rocky substrates. An omnivorous bottom feeder. Diet includes water fleas, snails, plankton, small mussels, insects, small fish, algae and detritus. Breeds in spring through to midsummer after the first substantial rains of the season. Migrates upstream to spawn over suitable gravel beds (Ref. 7248). |
| IUCN Red List Status: |
Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 01 September 2017 Ref. (130435)
|
| Threat to humans: |
harmless |
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