Hypoptopoma incognitum Aquino & Schaefer, 2010

Family:  Loricariidae (Armored catfishes), subfamily: Hypoptopomatinae
Max. size:  10.8 cm SL (male/unsexed); max.weight: 26.7 g
Environment:  benthopelagic; freshwater
Distribution:  South America: across the central and lower Rio Amazonas basin; including Rio Tocantins basin. It is the only species known for northeastern coastal rivers.
Diagnosis:  Vertebrae: 26-26. This species is distinguished from its congeners except H. elongatum, by the presence of a patch of odontodes on the anterolateral surface of the cleithrum at the opening to the branchial chamber. It is distinguished from H. elongatum by having a shorter caudal peduncle, with caudal-peduncle length 26.0-36.0 (32.0) (vs. 32.3-36.3 (34.4); t-test, p < 0.001); with a deeper, more robust caudal peduncle, caudal-peduncle depth 8.8-11.0 (10.1) (vs. 7.9-8.8 (8.4); t-test, p < 0.001); by the round to slightly acute snout (vs. snout appearing pointed due to slight lateral inflexion between rostral plate and first infraorbital); by fewer plates along medial series 21-22 (22) (vs. 23); and by having light brown caudal-fin lobes (vs. dark lobes) (Ref. 84367).
Biology: 
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 09 October 2020 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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