Ecology of Zapteryx exasperata
 
Main Ref. Ebert, D.A., 2003
Remarks Generally in rocky areas but may also be found on sandy bottoms (Ref. 37955). Reported from tide pools (Ref. 12951). Relatively docile, harmless rays that are easily approached by divers (Ref. 48844). Feeds mainly on mollusks and crustaceans (Ref. 37955). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 57615).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Zapteryx exasperata may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Villavicencio-Garayzar, C.J., 1995
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method Original sample Unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items 3.55 0.53 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. oophagy)
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