Main Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
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Remarks | Most common in open sandy (Also Ref. 128694) areas. Feeds on small sand-dwelling invertebrates. Dives head first into the sand when frightened. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | Harper, L.M., J.S. Lefcheck, R. Whippo, M.S. Jones, Z. Foltz and J.E. Duffy, 2022 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.37 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |