Main Ref. | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
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Remarks | Occurs on sand or mud bottom off beaches and in bays and sloughs (Ref. 2850). Densities of this species were significantly higher at warmer effluent water near the surfzone at Seal Beach, California than to cooler, ambient water further offshore (Ref. 54651). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 57615). Feeds on benthic invertebrates and small fishes. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.24 | 0.09 | 3.20 | 0.38 | Troph of juv./adults from 5 studies. |
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. | Babel, J.S., 1967 |