Main Ref. | Lee, C.K.C., 1973 |
---|---|
Remarks | Lives in sandy and muddy areas in coastal waters (Refs. 9137, 127989). Feeds on benthic and sub-benthic species comprised mostly of crustaceans, supplemented proportionally by fish as size increases (Ref. 127989). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Lee, C.K.C., 1973 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.63 | 0.27 | 3.35 | 0.36 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.83 | 0.48 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Lee, C.K.C., 1973 |