Main Ref. | Daniels, R.A., 1982 |
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Remarks | Benthic feeder (Ref. 45168). Fish sampled in shallow water (<90 m depth) feed mostly on bivalves and amphipods, while those from deeper waters (>90 m depth) preferred infaunal-epifaunal polychaetes (Ref. 52366). Intraspecific competition for food in this species is reduced, either through habitat heterogeneity or different foraging strategies(Ref. 52366). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Daniels, R.A., 1982 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Daniels, R.A., 1982 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.39 | 0.10 | 3.19 | 0.30 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.42 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Daniels, R.A., 1982 |