Ecology Summary - Trachurus declivis

Lengua:

Referencia principal	Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Observaciones	Commonly found near the bottom, in midwater and occasionally at the surface (Ref. 9258) in continental shelf waters (Ref. 27930). They form pelagic schools for most of the year but may move close to the sea bed during winter (Ref. 27931). Generally found at less than 300 m water depth with temperature less than 16° C (Ref. 9072). Juveniles inhabit coastal and estuarine waters although they may sometimes be found offshore (Ref. 27930). Feed mostly during the day mainly on krill and other planktonic crustaceans, light fish (Sternoptychidae) and lantern fish (Myctophidae) at the edge of the continental shelf (Ref. 27933). Seasonal patterns in the presence of surface schooling jack mackerel are thought to be a response to water temperature rather than evidence of migration, as surface schools are not generally found in water temperature above 17°C (Ref. 27933). Jack mackerel form schools of similar sized fish and there is evidence from demersal trawl surveys that the size of fish tends to increase with increasing depth of water (Ref. 5868).

Referencia principal

Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993

Observaciones

Commonly found near the bottom, in midwater and occasionally at the surface (Ref. 9258) in continental shelf waters (Ref. 27930). They form pelagic schools for most of the year but may move close to the sea bed during winter (Ref. 27931). Generally found at less than 300 m water depth with temperature less than 16° C (Ref. 9072). Juveniles inhabit coastal and estuarine waters although they may sometimes be found offshore (Ref. 27930). Feed mostly during the day mainly on krill and other planktonic crustaceans, light fish (Sternoptychidae) and lantern fish (Myctophidae) at the edge of the continental shelf (Ref. 27933). Seasonal patterns in the presence of surface schooling jack mackerel are thought to be a response to water temperature rather than evidence of migration, as surface schools are not generally found in water temperature above 17°C (Ref. 27933). Jack mackerel form schools of similar sized fish and there is evidence from demersal trawl surveys that the size of fish tends to increase with increasing depth of water (Ref. 5868).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Estuarios/lagunas/mares salobres mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Cuevas exclusivamente

Highighted items on the list are where Trachurus declivis may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Referencia
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Alimentación

Tipo De Alimentación	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Maxwell, J.G.H., 1979
Hábito De Alimentación	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Maxwell, J.G.H., 1979

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Muestra original		Población no pescada		Observación
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Observación
De la composición de la dieta
De tipos individuales de alimento	3.93	0.61			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Referencia

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