Main Ref. | Sulak, K.J., 1990 |
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Remarks | Found over sandy bottoms of deep outer reef slopes. Reported to be common in estuaries. Rests on or burrows into substrate, leaving eyes exposed. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | Sulak, K.J., 1990 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.39 | 0.39 | 4.25 | 0.06 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 4.17 | 0.71 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |