Main Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1986 |
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Remarks | Sedentary, solitary species (Ref. 9773). Found inshore in sandy bottoms, and well offshore from the surf zone down to 200 m (Refs. 5578, 9773). Also on or near coral reefs (Refs. 12951, 9773). Common in shallow sandy areas (Ref. 2712). Feeds on bony fishes. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | solitary; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Michael, S.W., 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Michael, S.W., 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.50 | 0.80 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |